TIC DOULOUREUX 



5807 



TICONDEROGA 



deed, they have declared their desire to be in- 

 dependent. They live largely unto themselves. 

 The local authority is the dalai lama, a term 

 which means grand lama; he rules from the 

 capital, Lhasa, known to the outside world as 

 the "Forbidden City," because to its most sa- 

 cred precincts white people are not permitted to 

 penetrate. E.D.F. 



Consult Holdich's Tibet the Mysterious; He- 

 tlin's Adventures in Tibet. 



Related Subjects. In connection with this 

 article the reader may refer to these topics : 

 Brahmaputra Kuen-lun Mountains 



'Himalaya Lamaism 



TIC DOULOUREUX, tik doo loo roo' , a 

 French expression meaning painful twitching, is 

 the name of an acute form of facial neuralgia, 

 often brought on by a diseased tooth, cold, or 

 nerve inflammation or degeneration. There are 

 usually shooting pains on one side of the face, 

 which often recur every day at the same hour. 

 Warm applications or electrical treatment with 

 iodides will sometimes relieve the pain; but it 

 may be necessary to remove a part of the 

 nerve. See NEURALGIA. 



TICKS 



The illustrations show ticks found on (a) birds; 

 (b) cattle; (c) horse; (d) sheep; (e) bat. The 

 perpendicular lines indicate actual adult sizes. All 

 except b are shown in their immature stage, when 

 they have but six legs. 



TICK, the popular name of several varieties 

 of tiny eight-legged parasites which attack 

 mammals and birds. The head, chest and ab- 



domen are all in one, and the mature insect is 

 oval, with a flat back and leathery covering. Al- 

 though found in plants when young, the large 

 ticks attach themselves by their mouths to the 

 soft flesh of mammals and birds, and they live 

 on the blood of their victims, growing large, 

 round and red. Only the females, so far as 

 zoologists know, suck the blood. The only thing 

 which can be said in their favor is that one spe- 

 cies eats grasshoppers' eggs. One of the eight 

 species of cattle ticks occurring in America is 

 responsible for Texas cattle fever, and all spread 

 disease. A Persian variety, which attacks men 

 at night, is said to cause death by its bite. 

 Ticks belong to the same class as mites, scor- 

 pions and spiders (see ARACHNIDA). 



TICONDEROGA, tikonder o' ga, BATTLES OF. 

 Ticonderoga, a village in Essex County, N. Y., 

 is historically important as a battle ground in 



RUINS OP OLD TICONDEROGA 



three wars. It is situated in an agricultural 

 and rich graphite region, between lakes Cham- 

 plain and George, 100 miles northeast of Al- 

 bany. In 1910 it had a population of 2,475. In 

 1915 the population was 2,918 (state census). 



The first battle in the vicinity was fought in 

 1609, when Samuel Champlain, the French ex- 

 plorer of Quebec, won a victory over the Mo- 

 hawk Indians. After the outbreak of the French 

 and Indian War, in 1755, the French built a 

 fort near the village, which was attacked in 

 July, 1758, by the British under General Aber- 

 crombie. In 1759 the fort was besieged and 

 captured by a British force under General Am- 

 herst. One of the first movements in the Revo- 

 lutionary War was the dispatch of an American 

 expedition against Ticonderoga, and on May 

 10, 1775, the fortress was captured by Ethan 

 Allen without the loss of a man. When the 

 British commander demanded of Allen by what 

 authority he claimed its surrender, he uttered 

 the now famous reply, "In the name of the 

 Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." 

 The fort was retaken by Burgoyne's forces in 



