TILLEY 



5813 



TIMBUKTU 



TILLEY, til'i, SIR SAMUEL LEONARD (1818- 

 1896), a Canadian statesman, at various times 

 premier of New Brunswick, lieutenant-governor 

 of that province, and Minister of Finance in 

 Sir John A. Macdonald's Cabinet. While hold- 

 ing this last position he was the author of the 

 law providing a protective tariff as a part of 

 the "national policy" of the Conservatives. 

 This policy has remained the basis of Canadian 

 finance to the present time. 



Sir Leonard, as he was commonly known, was 

 bora at Gagetown, N. B. His first political ap- 

 pearance, as member of the provincial assem- 

 bly, was in 1850. He grew steadily in influence, 

 and from 1860 to 1865 was premier. In the dis- 

 cussion and negotiations leading to the organi- 

 zation of the Dominion, he was a leading advo- 

 cate of confederation. In Macdonald's first 

 Ministry, ending in 1873, Tilley held various 

 offices, and in the second Ministry, from 1878 

 to 1885, he was Minister of Finance. In the 

 interval from 1873 to 1878, and again from 1885 

 to 1893, he was lieutenant-governor of New 

 Brunswick. 



TILLMAN, til' man, BENJAMIN RYAN (1847- 

 1918), an American politician, born in Edgefield 

 County, South Carolina. His school days at 

 Bethany Academy, in West Virginia, were in- 

 terrupted when the War of Secession broke out, 

 and the boy enlisted in the Confederate army. 

 His services were soon ended, however, by a 

 severe illness which lasted for more than two 

 years and left him blind in one eye. After the 

 war he became a planter. He was soon known 

 throughout the state of South Carolina as a 

 Democratic leader and as a champion of tech- 

 nical and industrial education. Perhaps his 

 greatest service to the South is his founding of 

 two technical schools, one for boys, the other for 

 girls, the largest of their kind in the Southern 

 states. In 1890 and 1892 he was elected gov- 

 ernor of the state, and in 1895, 1901, 1907 and 

 1913 to the United States Senate. He became 

 known throughout the country as a fiery 

 speaker and enthusiastic fighter; his attacks on 

 Grover Cleveland in 1895-1896 won him the 

 nickname "Pitchfork Ben." 



TILLY, til'i, JOHANN TZERCLAES, Count of 

 (1559-1632), a German general who in the 

 Thirty Years' War held command of the forces 

 of the Catholic League, was born at the Cha- 

 teau of Tilly, Brabant, in February, 1559. Des- 

 tined for the priesthood, he was educated by 

 the Jesuits, but a military life being more to 

 his liking, he joined the Spanish army in 1574, 

 soon rising to the command of a company. 



Later, this company being disbanded, he served 

 as a pikeman in the Siege at Antwerp. He 

 next joined the Austrian army in their war 

 against the Turks, and in 1602, as colonel of the 

 Imperial army, raised a regiment of Walloon 

 infantry and led an assault on Budapest. 



In 1604, Tilly became general of artillery, in 

 1605 field-marshal, and in 1610 was selected by 

 the Duke of Bavaria to reorganize the forces 

 of the Catholic League, which he later com- 

 manded in the Thirty Years' War. As lieu- 

 tenant-general and commander-in-chief of the 

 field forces he won a notable victory at White 

 Hill (near Prague) ; was defeated by Mansfeld 

 at Wiesloch (1622), but was victorious at Wimp- 

 fen (1622), Hochst (1622), and at Stadtlohn 

 (1623), when he received the title of Count of 

 the Empire from the emperor. On August 27, 

 1626, in conjunction with Wallenstein, he de- 

 feated Christian IV of Denmark at Lutter, a 

 marked triumph for the Catholic League. 



Subsequent to Wallenstein's dismissal in 1630, 

 Tilly was placed in command of the Imperial 

 forces, and after a fierce battle took Magde- 

 burg, May 20, 1631. Tilly is often blamed for 

 the atrocities perpetrated by the Walloons and 

 Croatians of his army in this battle; but he 

 saved the cathedral and other buildings from 

 pillage and fire, and his record is otherwise that 

 of a man of unusual integrity, considering the 

 times in which he lived. 



Four months later, on September 17, Tilly 

 suffered defeat at the hands of Gustavus Adol- 

 phus at Breitenfeld; he met the same general 

 in a second battle at the River Lech in a des- 

 perate conflict and received a mortal wound, 

 from which he died three days later, April 30, 

 1632. See THIRTY YEARS' WAR. 



TIMBUKTU, a town of French West Africa 

 in the Military Territory of the Niger, situated 

 near the southern boundary of the Sahara Des- 

 ert, nine miles north of Kabara, its port on the 

 Niger River. The terrace on which it lies is 

 surrounded by dreary stretches of sand and 

 marshy hollows, and the place is sometimes 

 called "the meeting point of the camel and the 

 canoe." Timbuktu is the trading center for 

 merchandise brought from the north of Africa 

 and the regions south and west of the Niger, 

 and vast quantities of goods are exchanged 

 here every year. The items of exchange in- 

 clude gums, rubber, gold, salt, wax, ivory, hard- 

 ware, cheap fabrics and beads. The local indus- 

 tries cotton weaving and the production of 

 pottery, leather articles and embroidery arc 

 relatively unimportant. 



