TITICACA 



5820 



TITLE 



Representative of these are Christ at Emmaus, 

 in the Louvre; Madonna with Saint John and 

 Catharine, in the National Gallery; Venus and 

 Cupid, in the Borghese Gallery, Rome; and 

 Rape of Europa, in the Gardner Collection, 

 Boston. Something, too, should be said of 

 Titian's treatment of landscape. Though he 

 used scenery merely as a background, or as a 

 setting for his figures, he pictured landscape 

 scenes with great charm, and his work in this 

 field has a definite place in the history of land- 

 scape painting. 



Titian was born in Cadore, in the Alps re- 

 gion, and these mountains and the Venetian 

 lagoons appear again and again in his can- 

 vases. He died of the plague in the hundredth 

 year of his life, and was buried in Venice in the 

 church of the Frari. R.D.M. 



Consult Ricketts' Titian; Gronau's Titian and 

 His School. 



TITICACA, titekah'kah, LAKE, a pic- 

 turesque lake in South America, the largest on 

 the continent, forming part of the boundary 

 between Peru and Bolivia. It is situated in the 

 center of a lofty valley surrounded by moun- 

 tains, and its surface, which is dotted with is- 

 lands, is about 12,500 feet above sea level. 

 The lake is about 130 miles long, thirty miles 

 wide, and about .5,000 square miles in area, 

 two-thirds the area of Lake Ontario. In some 

 parts it is 700 feet deep, but there are many 

 shallow places, and numerous reed marshes oc- 

 cur along its shores. It is fed by numerous 

 streams, and discharges through the Desagua- 

 dero River at its southern extremity into Lake 

 Aullagas. A small fleet of steamers navigates 

 Lake Titicaca between the ports of Puna in 

 Peru and Guaqui in Bolivia, supplementing rail- 

 way connections between the two countries. 



TIT 'LARK. See PIPIT. 



TITLE, ti' ' t'l, from the Latin titulus, mean- 

 ing an inscription, sign, or token, is a term used 

 with many meanings. As an inscription it is 

 prefixed to a book to designate the name of the 

 book or to give some idea of its contents. The 

 term was easily extended to the descriptive 

 heading of written or printed documents, such 

 as deeds and bills introduced in Congress or 

 Parliament. The various documents, includ- 

 ing deeds, which form the evidence of owner- 

 ship of property soon became title deeds, and 

 from this term came the common use of the 

 word title as the "union of all the elements 

 which constitute ownership." 



Title as Ownership. The elements which con- 

 stitute ownership are two possession and the 



right of possession. The familiar saying that 

 "possession is nine points of the law" is merely 

 the popular expression of the rule in law that 

 possession is prima jade evidence of ownership. 

 But possession is not sufficient if the title is dis- 

 puted; the right of possession must be proved. 

 In the case of personal property possession is 

 better evidence of ownership than in the case 

 of real estate, for the title to the latter is usu- 

 ally recorded either by deed or by some method 

 resembling the Torrens system. An exception 

 to the rule that possession is evidence of own- 

 ership is the case of ships, title in which can be 

 ascertained from the register. 



Title to personal property may be acquired 

 in several ways. Original acquisition is the 

 technical term applied when an inventor, au- 

 thor or musician holds the ownership in some- 

 thing he has created (see COPYRIGHT; PATENT; 

 TRADE-MARK), or when a man takes for his own 

 use something which belongs to no one else, 

 such as wild beasts. Title may also be acquired 

 by gift, contract or sale, these transfers all be- 

 ing known as transfers by act of the parties. A 

 third method is by act of law, for example in 

 bankruptcy, judgment, intestacy or marriage. 



Ownership of land may be acquired either by 

 descent or by purchase. These are purely legal 

 terms and are not used in their popular sense, 

 the second class including "every mode of ac- 

 quisition of an estate except that by which an 

 heir, on the death of his ancestor, becomes 

 owner by operation of law." Acquisition by 

 descent, therefore, is restricted to a transfer 

 following the death of an owner intestate. 



Titles of Honor. Phrases or words applied to 

 individuals as a mark of praise or distinction 

 are known as titles of honor. In its widest 

 sense the expression refers to all titles, whether 

 official or honorary, military, naval, civil or 

 ecclesiastical. A narrower definition would ex- 

 clude those titles which are used as a mark of 

 the bearer's office or profession, and include 

 only those which indicate preeminence. Thus, 

 doctor or professor would not be considered a 

 title if the bearer were a physician or a teacher, 

 but if he had been given an honorary degree 

 from a university it would be an honorary 

 title. This narrower sense is covered in this 

 article; for titles in the wider sense, see AD- 

 DRESS, FORMS OF. 



The Constitution forbids any officer or em- 

 ployee of the United States to accept a title 

 from any foreign power, and any foreigner who 

 holds a title must renounce it if he becomes a 

 naturalized citizen. In Europe, however, titles 



