TORY 



5847 



TOUCH 



In the American colonies, before and during 

 the Revolution, any person who was known to 

 have or was suspected of having loyalist sym- 

 pathies was called a Tory by the colonists who 

 favored independence. W.F.Z. 



TORY, HENRY MARSHALL (1867- ), a Ca- 

 nadian educator, first president of the pro- 

 vincial University of Alberta. He was born at 

 Guysboro, N. S. As a young man he studied 

 at the Wesleyan Theological College, Montreal, 

 and in 1889 was admitted to the ministry. The 

 next year he spent in study at McGill Uni- 

 versity, and by 1893 he was convinced that the 

 ministry was not the place for him. So he re- 

 signed in 1893, and for fifteen years taught 

 mathematics at McGill, for the last five years 

 being assistant professor. In 1908 he was called 

 to organize the new University of Alberta, a 

 task which he carried to completion with 

 marked ability. Dr. Tory's work at the uni- 

 versity has made him one of Canada's leading 

 educators. 



TOTEM, toh'tem, among various primitive 

 peoples an object regarded as the symbol of a 

 tribe, clan, family or individual. The totem 

 may be a bird, fish, beast or any other object, 

 though usually an animal is selected. Some- 

 times the totem is looked upon as the tribal 

 ancestor, as in the case of an Australian tribe 

 which reveres the emu as the sacred totem of 

 the group. Members of this tribe believe they 

 are all related by blood because of their descent 

 from the emu, and intermarriage within the 



TOTEM POSTS 



Grotesque totem posts in front of an ex-chief's 

 house of the Kwakiutl Indians, Alert Bay, a re- 

 mote region near the northern end of Vancouver 

 Island. 



group is forbidden. The wilful slaughter of an 

 emu by any one of the members is unknown. 

 The subject of totemism has been a fruitful 

 source of study among authorities for many 

 years, and it is evident that it has both social 



and religious aspects. The practice of carving 

 totem figures on poles (see accompanying pic- 

 ture) is common to many North American 

 tribes. Among the Indians of the Pacific coast 

 from Vancouver to Alaska totem poles are 

 often made by carving the trunks of cedar trees 

 Consult Lang's The Secret of the Totem; 

 Gomme's Folklore as an Historical Science. 



TOUCAN, tookahn', a bird of tropical and 

 semitropical America, which has an enormous 

 bill, a ^thick, short body and short legs. The 



THE TOUCAN 



upper mandible is curved over the lower and is 

 notched at the edges. The tongue, also, is 

 curiously flattened and notched, and the bird's 

 tail is joined to its body by a ball-and-socket 

 joint which permits of its being raised above its 

 back with a jerk, as if operated by a stiff 

 spring. Toucans are brilliantly colored; their 

 black or green bodies are marked with red, 

 orange, white or blue, and the bills are crossed 

 with vivid bands. They feed on fruit and are 

 often destructive to orange plantations. Their 

 eggs, pure white in color, are deposited in holes 

 in trees. 



TOUCH, one of the five special senses, the 

 one which gives to the individual his most inti- 

 mate knowledge of objects in the world about 

 him. He may judge the color and general 

 shape of an object by looking at it, but he can 

 learn just how rough or how sharp or how soft 

 it is only by feeling of it. This tactile sense is 

 perceived through the stimulation of sensory 

 nerves which have their end organs in the skin 



