TREBLE 



5870 



TREE 



TREBLE, trcb"l, the highest of the parts in the higher keys of the piano or organ. Treble 

 harmonized music, such as are sung by women clef is the term applied to the character used in 

 or boys, or played by ____^ _..._ designating the treble 



instruments like the 

 violin, flute, clarinet 

 and oboe or played on 



staff. (For illustration 

 and description, see 

 page 4022.) 



.REE. "The groves were God's first 

 temples," and in the presence of the trees one 

 finds peace, quietude and inspiration. Botan- 

 ically a tree is a perennial plant with a single 

 woody stem or trunk not less than twenty-five 

 or thirty feet high. It differs from other woody 

 plants chiefly in size. Certain trees called dwarfs 

 do not reach this standard of height, but their 

 form and size are due largely to pruning. Many 

 full-grown trees are from two to ten times 

 twenty-five feet in height, and the tallest of 

 them extend upward from 300 to 400 feet. 



Parts of a Tree. The principal parts of a tree 

 are the root, the trunk, or bole, and the crown. 

 The roots extend 

 downward deep 

 into the earth. 

 They supply the 

 tree with water 

 #nd the plant 

 food taken from 

 the soil, and hold 

 it firmly in posi- 

 tion. The root 

 systems of trees 

 vary with the size 

 and shape of the 

 crown. A tree 

 having a large 

 spreading crown, 

 such as the elm, 

 for instance, has 

 a larger root sys- 

 tem than one 

 whose crown is 

 cone-shaped, like that of the pine or fir. The 

 root system of a -tree with a large crown is sub- 

 jected to an enormous strain in case of a strong 



FIG. 1 



Tree with undivided bole. 



wind, and it must be large enough to keep the 

 tree from being blown down. 



Trees are divided into two general classes, 

 according to the plan of the bole. In those of 

 the first class the bole extends the entire length 

 of the tree without division. Examples are the 

 pine, fir and hemlock, among the evergreens; 

 and the beech, 

 among deciduous 

 trees, that is, 

 those that shed 

 their leaves in 

 the fall. This 

 plan is shown in 

 Fig. 1. In trees 

 of the other plan, 

 the bole divides 

 into branches, 

 forming a large 

 crown, as seen in 

 the elm, oak and 

 maple. This is 

 shown in Fig. 2. 

 The shape of the 

 crown depends 

 upon the plan of 

 the bole. Trees 

 of the first plan 

 are nearly always 

 conical when al- 

 lowed to grow 

 unhindered, but in pine forests the trees are so 

 close together that the lower branches die, leav- 

 ing a long, naked trunk which bears a few 

 branches at the top. In cool climates the elms 

 furnish the best examples of the branching bole 

 because the crown is usually symmetrical and 

 graceful. 



Tree with divided bole. 



