TRENTON SERIES 



5875 



TRESPASS 



History. The site of Trenton was known as a 

 . post for trade between the Indians, Dutch and 

 Swedish as early as 1664. In 1680, Mahlon Stacy, 

 a Quaker colonist, made the first settlement by 

 erecting a mill here, and the place became 

 known as The Falls, on account of the rapids in 

 the river. Stacy sold his plantation in 1714 to 

 William Trent, chief justice of the colony, and 

 in 1719 the present name was adopted. The 

 settlement was incorporated as a borough in 

 1746. A provincial congress of New Jersey met 

 here in 1775, and in December, 1776, Trenton 

 was the scene of one of the greatest battles of 

 the Revolutionary War, when General Wash- 

 ington crossed the Delaware River and took 

 more than 1,000 prisoners (see TRENTON, BAT- 

 TLE OF). In 1790 the place became the capital 

 of the state, and in 1792 it was chartered as a 

 city. .South Trenton was annexed in 1850, 

 Chambersburg and Middleham in 1888, and 

 Wilbur in 1898. The city limits were further 

 expanded in 1900 by including parts of the 

 townships of Ewing and Hamilton. In 1911 the 

 city adopted the commission form of govern- 

 ment. H.D.C. 



Consult Lee's History of Trenton. 



TRENTON SE'RIES, an important rock 

 system of the Ordovician Period in geology. 

 It includes the Trenton limestone, Utica and 

 Hudson, shales and the Cincinnati shale in New 

 York, Canada and Ohio. Rocks of this system 

 occur in the Rocky Mountains and in the 

 Mississippi Valley, where they contain valuable 

 deposits of zinc and lead, especially in Iowa, 

 Illinois, and Wisconsin. The petroleum of the 

 Lima, Ohio, oil fields is also in this formation, 

 as are large quantities of natural gas. See 

 ORDOVICIAN PERIOD. 



TRE'PANG, the commercial name for va- 

 rious sea slugs widely used as a food by the 

 Chinese. The slugs are found chiefly along 

 coral reefs in the Eastern seas. They have soft, 

 wormlike- bodies, varying from a few inches to 

 two feet in length. Their preparation for the 

 market includes removal of the internal parts, 

 boiling of the bodies, soaking them in fresh 

 water and smoking and drying them in the sun. 

 The product of these, processes is a rubberlike 

 substance, which is used to thicken soups. 

 Though it is practically tasteless, trepang is 

 nutritious. Macassar, a seaport of Celebes, in 

 the Dutch West Indies, is the chief center of the 

 industry. Large quantities from that city are 

 exported yearly to China. There is also a local 

 trepang industry in California, conducted or 

 encouraged by the Chinese there. 



TREPHINING, trefi'ning, or TREPAN- 

 NING, trepan' ing. These terms are applied to 

 the surgical operation of making a small per- 

 foration in the skull, and they also refer to the 

 instruments used. A trepan is a small cylinder 

 with sharp, cutting teeth on the edge. A tre- 

 phine is an improved form of trepan. It has 

 a handle placed horizontally, like that of a 

 gimlet, and a sharp, steel center pin, which pro- 

 jects slightly below the edge of the cylinder. 

 The pin, when fixed on the part of the bone to 

 be opened, forms an axis for the rotating edge 

 of the instrument. The pin is removed when 

 a sufficiently deep groove has been cut for the 

 instrument to work steadily. The trepan makes 

 complete revolutions, but the trephine operates 

 through semicircular movements to the right 

 and left. Usually a small opening less than an 

 inch in diameter is made, and if desired the 

 perforation is then enlarged with other instru- 

 ments. In many cases trephining is merely the 

 preliminary step in operations which require 

 the turning back of large sections of bone, as 

 in the removal of tumor or abscess from the 

 brain. The operation is frequently resorted to 

 in cases of skull fracture and pressure on the 

 brain. See SURGERY. C.B.B. 



TRES'PASS, a legal term applied most 

 commonly to unlawful entrance upon the prop- 

 erty of another. Trespass signs are seen com- 

 monly in country districts where owners of 

 groves, private estates and club grounds desire 

 to protect their property from intrusion; dis- 

 regard of such notices is an unlawful act. 

 Trespass makes one liable to a civil suit for 

 damages. 



There are various other forms of trespass, 

 such as injuring a neighbor's property by al- 

 lowing cattle to get into his cornfield, throwing 

 a stone and breaking his window, or posting a 

 sign, on his fence without permission. A person 

 who creates a disturbance in a theater and re- 

 fuses to leave when ordered to do so by the 

 management is a trespasser. In this case the 

 purchase of the ticket :is an act which gives 

 the buyer a license to enter, while the subse- 

 quent act of the management is a revocation 

 of the license. Motive does not usually protect 

 a trespasser from action against him. That is, 

 the act of trespass may be done without malice, 

 unintentionally, or through ignorance, but the 

 offender is nevertheless liable to the payment 

 of damages. On the other hand, if the offender 

 commits an act of trespass maliciously, his mo- 

 tive is considered in the matter of allowing 

 damages. False imprisonment and assault and 



