TRIUMVIRATE 



5883 



TROLLOPE 



formed by soldiery, who were given free li- 

 cense to sing or to jest. 



Under the Empire none but the emperor 

 could be given a triumph; successful generals 

 received rewards and decorations only, although 

 a lesser triumph was occasionally given a great 

 general, in which case the victor walked, and 

 was not crowned. This was called an ovation, 

 and concluded with the sacrifice of a sheep in- 

 stead of a bull or ox. The Latin ovis, the name 

 of the genus to which sheep and goats belong, 

 gave the name ovation to the minor triumph. 



A triumph given to a naval commander was 

 very similar to that given a general, but was 

 usually on a smaller scale and marked by naval 

 display, prows of ships and other nautical tro- 

 phies being borne through the streets. 



TRIUMVIRATE, trium' virate, in ancient 

 Rome the name given to any board of three men 

 united in office. The famous First Triumvirate, 

 composed of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus, had 

 no real right to the name, as it existed without 

 legal sanction. Octavius (Augustus), Lepidus 

 and Antony formed what was really a triumvi- 

 rate, for their coalition was legalized by the 

 Senate. 



Related Subjects. The history of these fa- 

 mous triumvirates may be learned from the 

 following' articles in these volumes : 

 Antony, Mark Lepidus, Marcus 



Augustus Aemilius 



Caesar, Caius Julius Pompey 

 Crassus, Marcus Licinius 



TROGON, tro'gahn, a group of birds found 

 in warm regions in both the eastern and the 

 western hemispheres, noted for their beautiful 

 plumage. They have a peculiar foot structure, 

 as the first and second toes are reversed. The 

 bill is short and strong, the tail usually elon- 

 gated, and the feet are small and weak. The 

 Old World trogons feed chiefly on insects; the 

 American species eat fruit, lizards, grasshoppers, 

 ants, beetles and small crabs. One of the most 

 interesting and brilliantly colored of the group 

 is the Central American quetzel. For descrip- 

 tion and picture of this bird see page 4901. 



TROIS RIVIERES, trwah re vyair' , a city in 

 Quebec. See THREE RIVERS. 



TRO'JANWAR. See TROY. 



TROLLING, trohl'ing, a method of fishing 

 with a moving line. It is a sport dear to the 

 angler who does not care for an easy victory, 

 for the fish that are caught in this fashion are 

 worthy of any fisherman's mettle. The giant 

 tarpon of the West Indies and the Florida 

 coast and the savage muskellunge, the undis- 



puted monarch of the northern lakes, are among 

 the chief prizes taken by trolling. In order to 

 make the lure more tempting to the fish, the 

 angler uses what is called a spinning bait, which 

 deceives the fish into believing it is about to 

 swallow a live morsel. Originally this was sim- 

 ply the bowl of a teaspoon to which a hook had 

 been soldered; the present spoon hook, how- 

 ever, is a bit of flat, polished metal, which 

 skips and spins along the surface of the water. 

 It is made still more irresistible to hungry fish 

 by a gaudy tuft of feathers. The line, which 

 must be particularly tough and strong for the 

 heavier fish, is usually trailed from the stern of 

 a skiff or launch, but trolling from the shore is 

 also practiced. See ANGLING. 



THE TROGON 



TROLLOPE, trol'up, ANTHONY (1815-1882), 

 an English novelist, born in London. His edu- 

 cation was not extensive, for it consisted of a 

 course at a public school; and when at twenty 

 years of age he entered the postal service he 

 had given no promise of the unusual literary 

 ability that he later displayed. The first of his 

 works appeared during the years 1847-1850, but 

 it was not until 1855, when The Warden was 

 published, that he won marked recognition. 

 Following this came others, continuations, in a 

 sense, of the first, Barchester Towers, Doctor 

 Thome, Framley Parsonage and The Last 

 Chronicle of Barset. In this group of novels 

 the society of the English cathedral town is 

 reproduced in a most careful manner, and with 

 great humor and pathos. In the second and 



