TROMBONE 



5884 



TRONDHJEM 



the last of the series appears Mrs. Proudie, his 

 best-known character. 



Troll ope was an industrious worker. Of the 

 many writings that followed his first successful 

 ventures may be mentioned The Three Clerks, 

 The Bertrams, Orley Farm, Can You Forgive 

 Her?, Phineas Finn, The Eustace Diamonds, 

 He Knew He was Right, containing a penetrat- 

 ing analysis of jealousy, The Way We Live 

 Now, The American Senator and biographies of 

 Caesar and Cicero. Very popular in his own 

 day, Trollope's novels have been somewhat 

 neglected since his death, but of late years 

 there has been the revival of interest in them. 

 Trollope wrote a sketch of Thackeray for the 

 English Men of Letters series. 



TROM'BONE, a musical instrument on the 

 order of a trumpet, used in orchestras and mili- 

 tary bands because of the volume, depth and 

 richness of its notes. It consists of a tube twice 

 bent, ending in a trumpet-shaped bell and 



THE TROMBONE 



sounded by means of a cup-shaped mouthpiece 

 and a slide mechanism. By the manipulation 

 of the slide the air tube is altered in length 

 -and the pitch is accordingly varied from the 

 fundamental. The instrument is at its highest 

 pitch when the slide is closed. Like the violin, 

 the trombone has a complete chromatic scale. 

 There are four sizes, called alto, tenor, bass and 

 contrabass. The forms usually seen in concert 

 halls are the alto, tenor and bass, for when 

 played together these three sound in perfect 

 harmony. Music for the contrabass is a part of 

 the score of Wagner's Nibelungen Ring. In a 

 later type of instrument there are rotary valves 

 instead of the slide mechanism, but the tones 

 produced are less pure than in the older type. 



TROMP, MARTIN HARPERTZOON (1597-1653), 

 a Dutch naval officer, who during his career 

 was victor in more than thirty naval engage- 

 ments, was born in Brielle, Holland. His father 

 was captain of a merchantman, and Martin 

 Avent to sea with him when nine years old. 

 Two years later, in a fight with an English 

 frigate, the elder Tromp was killed and the 

 boy was taken prisoner. He was subsequently 

 captured by Moslem pirates, and little then is 

 known of his life till after his escape several 

 years later, when he returned to Holland to 

 take service under the Dutch flag. 



In 1622 he was made lieutenant, and two 

 years later was captain of a frigate. When in 

 1637 he attained the rank of vice-admiral, 

 he reorganized his fleet, which was poorly 

 equipped and badly trained. In 1639 he started 

 out after the enemies of his country, and won a 

 brilliant victory over the Spanish fleet off 

 Gravelines, completely destroying it. On his 

 return Tromp was enthusiastically received, 

 and was soon made admiral of Holland. 



When, in 1652, the English, by the Navigation 

 Act and other oppressive measures, precipi- 

 tated the war with Holland, Tromp was en- 

 trusted with his country's defense. At first he 

 was victorious against the English commander, 

 Blake, even with grossly inferior equipment, 

 and controlled the English Channel for about 

 three months. The British then built new and 

 powerful ships, and when in February, 1653, 

 Tromp left Holland with a ctmvoy of richly- 

 laden merchantmen, Blake attacked him. 

 Tromp kept up a gallant running 'fight, and 

 though his Vessels were shattered, with cool 

 judgment and heroism he managed to bring 

 125 merchantmen safely to Holland. 



Again, in June of the same year, the two 

 fleets met, but the Dutch vessels, poorly 

 manned and equipped, were no match for the 

 enemy, and sought refuge in the Texel. Yet 

 once more Holland got together an inferior 

 fleet (composed mostly of converted merchant- 

 men) and Tromp set out on what was acknowl- 

 edged a "desperate task." He broke the Eng- 

 lish blockade, but twenty-four of his ships de- 

 serting, the British won the victory. In this 

 battle Tromp was shot through the heart, his 

 last words being "Be of good courage!" There 

 is a magnificent monument to his memory at 

 Delft. R.D.M. 



TRONDHJEM, iron' y em, a seaport and in- 

 dustrial city in Norway, ranking next to Chris- 

 tiania and Bergen in population. It is pic- 

 turesquely situated amid surrounding hills, and 

 lies at the mouth of the Nid River, on the 

 southern shore of the Trondhjem Fiord. 

 Trondhjem is a city of wide, regular streets, 

 but its houses are nearly all built of wood. Its 

 Anglo-Norman cathedral is the most imposing 

 church in Norway, and is the scene of the coro- 

 nation of Norway's kings and queens. Other 

 interesting features are the fortress of Chris- 

 tianssten, a marine arsenal, and the museum of 

 the Society of Sciences. There is considerable 

 activity in shipping. The chief exports are 

 copper ore, iron and pyrites, wood pulp, timber 

 and fish. The industrial establishments include 



