TROUT 



5886 



TROWBRIDGE 



thrives in cool, clear waters with a gravelly bot- 

 tom, where the current is strong, and there are 

 rapids and deep pools. Spawning time begins 

 in August in the vicinity of Lake Superior, but 

 farther south the season is much later. These 



TWO SPECIES OF TROUT 

 Above, brook trout ; below, the Dolly Varden. 



fish spawn in cold weather, and the eggs hatch 

 when the temperature of the water has begun 

 to rise in the spring. The brook trout attains 

 a length of a foot and a half in large bodies of 

 water, but fish of this size are becoming rarer 

 all the time owing to their popularity as game. 

 They are among the most beautiful of the 

 charrs. Anglers speak of their coloring as the 

 "bloom of the trout," for the back is marked 

 with dark olive and black, the sides are spotted 

 with red, and the fins have dark and orange 

 mottlings. The season for angling for brook 

 trout is strictly limited by law. 



The native trout of the Pacific coast waters 

 is the Dolly Varden, a fish with a more slender 

 body than the one described above, and with 

 red spots on both the back and sides. The 

 larger specimens are two or three feet long and 

 weigh from five to twelve pounds. The flesh is 

 delicious, like that of the brook trout, and the 

 Dolly Vardens taken in swiftly-flowing, cold 

 streams are game fighters. 



The most northern charr, the Arctic, is found 

 north of Hudson Bay. This fish is character- 

 ized by a slender body and small head, and is 

 of a dull greenish color, silvery or reddish below 

 and with the lower fins yellowish. It connects 

 an American species, the sunapee, with the 

 European brook trout, found in cold lakes and 

 mountain streams in the northern part of the 

 continent. The sunapee is an inhabitant of 

 Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire, and Flood 

 Pond, Maine, two lakes whose waters are very 

 cold and clear. It is noted for its beautiful 

 coloring and active, graceful movements. See 

 FISH. M.W. 



Consult Jordan's Fishes; Jordan and Ever- 

 mann's American Food and Game Fish. 



TROUVERES, troo verz' , medieval court 

 poets, who were, to the north of France, what 

 the troubadours were to the southern part of 

 that country (see TROUBADOUR). The name 

 comes from the French word trouvcr, meaning 

 to find, or invent. These poets invented songs 

 and metrical tales which were sung or recited 

 by others or by the trouveres themselves. 

 Though some of their writings were narrative 

 in character, the majority concerned themselves 

 with the subject of love, treated not in the 

 spontaneous, emotional manner of the trouba- 

 dours, but somewhat artificially. The trouveres 

 occupy an important place in early French 

 literature, and helped to develop the French 

 characteristics of wit and refinement. See 

 FRENCH LITERATURE, subhead Early Stage. 



TROVATORE, IL, eel trovato'ra (The 

 Troubadour), a famous opera by Verdi, some 

 of the airs of which are as well known as any 

 in all opera. The Miserere, in particular, has 

 always been a popular favorite, in x part be- 

 cause of its emotional appeal but chiefly be- 

 cause of its melody. II Trovatore was pre- 

 sented for the first time in Rome, in 1853, and 

 two years later, was heard for the first time in 

 America. The libretto, which is by Camarano, 

 is based on a Spanish drama, and tells the 

 tragic story of Manrico, the troubadour, and 

 his love for Leonora. Manrico is supposedly 

 the son of the gypsy Azucena, but in reality is 

 the brother of the Count di Luna, who is his 

 rival for the love of Leonora. See VERDI. 



TROWBRIDGE, tro'brij, JOHN TOWNSEND 

 (1827-1916), an American novelist, poet and 

 writer of stories for boys, was born on a farm 

 near Ogden, N. Y. He obtained a part of his 

 education at a country school, but the larger 

 share of it he acquired by himself. Before he 

 was twenty years old he taught school for two 

 years in Illinois; then went to New York and 

 later to Boston, to write for newspapers and 

 magazines. He was connected with a number 

 of publications as contributor and editor, and 

 has written some thirty interesting and whole- 

 some stories for boys, besides other volumes of 

 fiction and poetry. My Own Story, which ap- 

 peared in 1903, is his autobiography. His first 

 book, Father Brighthopes, attracted little at- 

 tention, but Neighbor Jackwood, a story of 

 New England life and a strong protest against 

 slavery, published in 1857, made him promi- 

 nent. His best poems are found in Vagabonds 

 and Other Poems. Among his books for boys 

 are Cudjo's Cave, The Jack Hazard Series, His 

 One Fault and The Prize Cup. 



