TUSCALOOSA 



5921 



TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE 



The similar North American species is known 

 as the mourning dove (see DOVE). 



TUSCALOOSA, tus kaloo'&a,' ALA., the 

 county seat of Tuscaloosa County, is situated 

 northwest of the geographical center of the 

 state, on the Black Warrior River. It is fifty- 

 six miles southwest of Birmingham, 107 miles 

 northwest of Montgomery, the state capital, and 

 199 miles southwest of Chattanooga. Trans- 

 portation is provided by the Alabama Great 

 Southern, the Louisville & Nashville and the 

 Mobile & Ohio railways, and by river boats to 

 Mobile. In 1910 the population was 8,407; in 

 1916 it was 10,488 (Federal estimate). The 

 area exceeds three square miles. 



Tuscaloosa is the trade center for a rich agri- 

 cultural, mineral and lumber district. Cotton 

 is the principal crop, but grain, sugar cane, sor- 

 phum, vegetables and nuts are also cultivated. 

 There are extensive coal mines in the vicinity, 

 and at Holt, a suburb, there are coke ovens, a 

 blast furnace and other plants connected with 

 mining. The leading industrial establishments 

 of Tuscaloosa are cotton factories, cottonseed 

 oil and lumber mills, fertilizer factories, metal 

 works and creameries. The city has a Federal 

 building, erected in 1905 at a cost of $150,000; 

 the old state capitol; the county courthouse, 

 and the Alabama-Bryce Hospital for the In- 

 The residential district is unusually at- 

 tractive. As an educational center, Tuscaloosa 

 i- prominent. Here are the University of Ala- 

 bitrna, opened in 1831; Alabama Central Fe- 

 male College, Stillman Institute, the Boys' 

 Training School and a theological school for 



>C9. 



The first settlement made by white people 

 was established in 1816. In 1819 the place was 

 : tered as a city, and it was the state capital 

 from 1826 to 1846. Since 1912 it has been gov- 

 1 on the commission plan. In 1915 the 

 United States government constructed locks and 

 dams on the Black Warrior River, twenty-eight 

 mi Irs from Tuscaloosu, which provide year- 

 round navigation to the Gulf of Mexico. Q.L. 



TUSCANY, t\is' kani, a province, or depart- 

 tin-iif.nf the north-< , ntral part of Italy, smaller 

 ih an tin- state of Rhode Island, but important 

 because of the part it has played in the history 

 of Italy and of the world. It borders the M 

 terranean Sea, and lies north of the province 

 of Roma (Rome). As the home of the ancient 

 Etruscans (see En hi<tory began in 



1044 B.C. Seven hundred years later it br< 

 a part of th- Roman Empire, but in the thir- 

 h century it became a republic an<l m 

 371 



tained a separate political existence for over 

 two hundred years. In the sixteenth century 

 the republic became a grand duchy, and two 

 centuries later lost its' independence to Ger- 

 many. From 1807 to 1814 it was occupied by 

 the French and given by them to Austria, un- 

 der whose government it remained until 1861, 

 when it was united with the Kingdom of Italy. 



The people of Tuscany still retain distinct 

 provincial characteristics, though they have lost 

 their political independence. The chief wealth 

 of the region is in its minerals and marble, but 

 quantities of maize, olive oil, tobacco, chest- 

 nuts and flowers are exported. Live stock is 

 raised, and beeswax is produced in very large 

 quantities. The peasants are among the most 

 prosperous of Europe. Tuscany is world fa- 

 mous for the city of Florence, which has been 

 of such great influence in art and literature; it 

 was the home of Boccaccio, Dante and Petrarch, 

 who were the greatest story-tellers and poets 

 of the Middle Ages, and of Giotto, who was 

 among Europe's foremost painters. See FLOR- 

 ENCE. 



TUSCARORA, tuskaro'ra, the name of a 

 tribe of North American Indians belonging to 

 the Iroquois Confederacy. They were separated 

 from their kindred at an early date, and were 

 living in North Carolina when the Europeans 

 came to America. At the beginning of the 

 eighteenth century the Tuscaroras were divided 

 into seven clans, occupying fifteen villages and 

 numbering 1,200 warriors. In 1711 they at- 

 tempted to annihilate the white settlers in 

 North Carolina. In a fierce battle fought near 

 the Neuse River, on January 28, 1712, about 

 400 Indians were killed or wounded. The fol- 

 lowing year another uprising occurred, and Col- 

 onel Moore of South Carolina captured 800 of 

 them. The remaining Tuscaroras fled north- 

 w:ird and joined the Iroquois Confederacy, be- 

 ing received as the Sixth Nation of that league 

 (see FIVE NATIONS). The remnant of the tribe 

 are to-day living in Canada and N 



TUSKEGEE, tn*k, '<;.-. NORMAL AND IN- 

 DUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, at Tuskegee, Ala., 

 an industrial school for negroes which has prob- 

 ably done more to lesson the seriousness of the 

 race problem than any other agency in the 

 United States. It was established in 1881 by 

 act of the Alabama legislature, which appro- 

 ted $2,000. In a rented shanty church. 

 school opened July 4, 1881, with thirty pupils 

 :m<l one teacher, Booker T. Washington, u, 

 graduate of Hampton Institute. As principal 

 and instructor of the new school, he began 



