TYLER 



5929 



TYNDALL 



wards London. Joined on the way by many 

 discontented laborers, he reached the outskirts 

 of the capita], and thousands of London ap- 

 prentices, artisans and criminals swelled his 

 ranks. 



The king, Richard II, then a boy of fourteen, 

 determined to ride out himself and meet the 

 rebels. A long conference was held, in which 

 Tyler demanded that serfdom be abolished. 

 The king agreed, and retired to have the neces- 

 sary charters drawn up. London was for two 

 days given up to pillage and murder. Meeting 

 the rebels again, the king listened to further 

 tnds from Tyler, who grew bold and inso- 

 lent and was killed by Wolworth, mayor of 

 London. The king showed great presence of 

 mind and promised the rebels that he himself 

 would be their leader. Meanwhile, troops hav- 

 ing been brought up to support the king, the 

 rebels were dispersed, about a hundred of the 

 ringleaders being hanged. No permanent bene- 

 fits were obtained, as the freedom granted by 

 the king was revoked the next year. 



TYLER, TEX., the county seat of Smith 

 County, situated in the northeastern part of the 

 state, 105 miles southeast of Dallas. Trans- 

 portation is provided by the International & 

 Great Northern and the Saint Louis South- 

 western railroads. It is surrounded by a rich 

 agricultural section, and ships cotton, corn, 

 fruit, vegetables, hay and live stock. The 

 leading industrial plants of the city are rail- 

 road shops and box, canning and ice factories. 

 Tyler has Bellevue and Lakewood parks, Tyler 

 College, Texas College (a Methodist school for 

 colored students), a Federal building, city hall, 

 Court of Criminal Appeals building and the 

 Saint Louis Southwestern Railroad hospital. 

 Settled about 1844, Tyler was incorporated in 

 1850. It has an area of nine square miles. In 

 1910 the population was 10,400; in 1916 it was 

 11365 (Federal estimate). 



TYNDALE, tm'dal, WILLIAM ( ? -1536), an 

 English translator of the Bible, educated at 

 Oxford and Cambridge, where he gave special 

 ntion to theology. Before the beginning of 

 1522 he accepted a position as tutor in a family 

 of rank in Gloucestershire, and employed In- 

 leisure in preaching in the surrounding village*. 

 His views so aroused the antagonism of tin- 



. y that he was brought before the chat: 

 lor of the diocese. When allowed to depart 

 determined to translate the New Testament 

 into English, that it might enlighten the people. 

 To one of his opponents be said, "If God spare 

 life, ere many yean I will cause a boy that 



driveth the plough shall know more of the 

 Scripture than thou do> 



In 1524 he visited Luther at Wittenberg, and 

 then went on to Cologne, where he endeavored 

 to have his translation printed. The work was 

 discovered and the authorities of Cologne com- 

 manded the printers not to proceed with it. 

 but in 1525 Tyndale succeeded in getting the 

 New Testament printed at Worms and in 

 smuggling copies into England. He wrote Th<- 

 Obedience of a Christian A/on and Hou 

 tian Rulers Ought to Govern, and translated the 

 Pentateuch and the book of Jonah. About 

 1529 Tyndale rejected Luther's doctrine of the 

 actual physical presence of Christ in the Lord's 

 Supper, and Calvin's theory of His spiritual 

 presence in the bread and wine, and looked 

 upon the sacrament as a commemorative act 

 only. 



Because Tyndale opposed the divorce of 

 Henry VIII from Catharine of Aragon, Henry 

 had him arrested and confined for sixteen 

 months in the prison of the Low Countries near 

 Brussels. In spite of strenuous efforts for his 

 release he was tried for heresy, convicted and 

 strangled, and his body was burned at the 

 stake, August 6, 1536. Tyndale ranks among 

 the most remarkable leaders of the Reforma- 

 tion, but his fame rests chiefly on his transla- 

 tion of the Bible. 



TYNDALL, tin'dal, JOHN (1820.1883), an 

 English natural philosopher and one of the 

 world's greatest physicists, was born at Leighlin 

 Bridge, Ireland. Chiefly a self-made man, he 

 gained his early scientific experience in the Irish 

 and English ord- 

 nance surveys and 

 in railway engi- 

 neering. A M.I 

 two years at the 

 University of 

 Marburg, Tyndall 

 received his doc- 

 tor's degree and 

 rose rapidly to 

 rminrnr. I n 

 1853 ihr 

 Institution made 

 him professor of 



l philosophy, a colleague of Faraday, and 



appointed htm director on the la tier's death. 



As scientific adviser to Ti i*e and the 



Board of Trade, be carried out many expert- 



directed toward practical ends. 



Tyndall yielded to the fascination of moun- 

 tain climbing in Switzerland, and as a result 





