TYPESETTING MACHINE 



-VJol 



TYPHOID FEVER 



A special kind of type, some of it as large as 

 96-point or even 144-point, is used by news- 

 papers in setting the so-called "scare head" for 

 news of an important or sensational character. 

 Similar type is used in printing advertising 

 posters. See PRINTING. 



Consult De Vlnne's Historic Printiny Type*. 



TYPE'SETTING MACHINE. See LINO- 

 TYPE; MONOTYPE. 



TYPEWRITER, type'riter. The modem 

 typewriter is the outgrowth of various crude 

 machines for producing printed characters on 

 paper without the use of movable type. In 

 the year 1874 the first really practicable ma- 



THE FIRST TYPEWRITERS 

 At the right is the first Sholes machine, built In 

 1873. At the left, the machine made by Sholes, 

 Soule and Glidden, in the following year. 



chine was placed on the American market by 

 E. Remington & Son, a firm engaged in the 

 manufacture of guns, at Ilion, N. Y. The origi- 

 nal model of this machine was designed by 

 C. L. Sholes, S. W. Soule and Carlos Glidden 

 of Mil'.vauk< -. Wi.-v, but to Sholes is due the 

 chief honor of perfecting a workable model. 

 Once the typewriter had proved its value its 

 future was assured, and to-day it is indispen- 

 sable in the business world, in law courts, in 

 government offices, in the military camp and in 

 almost every field of activity. It has made 

 possible the efficient handling of huge volumes 

 of correspondence, the rapid tabulation of sta- 

 tistics, the methodical transcription of records 

 and reports, and has facilitated the countless 

 other operations carried on in the professional 

 and business world. In this connection it is 

 interesting to note the part the typewriter has 

 played in bringing women into industrial life 

 Stenography and typewriting have opened tin- 

 way into business to many thousands of women, 

 and in numerous cases a knowledge of the art 

 has been a stepping-stone to a high-salaried 



position. 



The original Remington typewriter was not 

 unlike the standard machines of to-day. It was 

 provided with a number of metal bars, carrying 

 type on one end, and set in pivots about a 



horizontal ring. The shorter arm of each type 

 bar was attached by a wire to a lever, which 

 ended in a letter in the keyboard of the ma- 

 chine. When the key was stni pe was 

 lifted so as to strike a single point on a rubber 

 cylinder called the platen. Between the type 

 and the platen an inked ribbon, wound on 

 spools at either side of the machine, was car- 

 ried. The platen, mounted on a carriage, was 

 so arranged that it was automatically moved 

 forward one space at each release of the keys. 

 In machines of the present time, the type bars 

 are usually arranged horizontally about an arc 

 of a circle, making possible the so-called 

 ble" writing. In the old-style machine the 

 characters when printed were out of view of 

 the operator. 



The first machines had two sets of type bars, 

 one for capital letters and one for small letters. 

 Nearly all modern machines have a single key- 

 board, and each type bar carries two characters. 

 Capitals are made through the action of a shift 

 key. The keyboard also carries punctuation 

 marks, figures and various other characters. 

 Other improvements are the bell to warn the 

 operator when the end of the line is nearly 

 reached, the lock to prevent the machine from 

 working after a certain point is passed, the 

 margin release, the back-space lever, the auto- 

 matic ribbon reverse, and various mechanical 

 devices for such operations as addressing, tabu- 

 lating and the like. B.M.W. 



TYPHOID, ti'joid, FE'VKR, nn infectious 

 disease characterized by inflammation and ul- 

 ceration of the intestinal walls. It is caused 

 by a bacillus identified in 1880. During the 

 course of an attack the germs multiply in other 

 organs of the body, notably the kidneys and 

 the spleen, and enlargement of the latter organ 

 is of common occurrence. 



Distribution. Persons contract typhoid 

 by drinking contaminated water or milk and by 

 eating infected food. The disease is not corn- 

 it ed through the breath of a patient, 

 nor is it spread by touch. The bowel and kid- 

 lischarges of the sick, however, contain 

 counties* millions of disease germs, and if these 

 are not properly disinfected or disposed of t !>> 

 become a source of great danger by in: 

 sewage and thus the water supply. House flies 

 alighting on these discharges carry the germs 

 into the home and contaminate the food. In- 

 fected milk is not due to the cow, for cattle 

 IM t\|,|nid, but the contamination re- 

 Milt* from tin- u? of impure water to dilute 

 milk, or from washing utensils in polluted 



