UNIFORMS AND INSIGNIA 



5940 



UNION 



the shooting-coat pattern; breeches or trot; 

 and puttees of the same stuff and color are 

 worn. Khaki has also been adopted by the 

 United States army for sen-ice dress; a cap of 

 the same material and color is worn. The full- 

 dress uniform of the officers is a dark blue, 

 double-breasted coat with a thick gold shoulder 

 cord and (for general officers) a velvet collar. 

 The trousers are light blue with white stripes, 

 and the cap is of blue cloth with a gold-edged 

 band and an eagle badge. The German army 

 was equipped with khaki-colored uniforms lor 

 field wear in 1904, and it was supposed that this 

 uniform had been retained, until the War of the 

 Nations revealed the fact that a new greenish- 

 gray color had been substituted. It assisted at 

 concealment still better than the khaki uni- 

 forms, and was generally regarded as the most 

 practical service costume of the war. 



United States Military Insignia. All officers, 

 without distinction of rank, wear the letters 

 U. S., in Gothic design, at the collar. Further 

 devices worn on the collar, on epaulets and 

 shoulder knots indicate the branch, the depart- 

 ment and the rank. 



Branch and Line Badges. The general staff 

 wear the United States coat of arms of gold 

 and enamel on a silver star. The department 

 of the adjutant-general is marked by a shield; 

 inspector-general, crossed sword and fasces with 

 wreath; quartermaster-general, sword and key 

 crossed on a wheel and surmounted by a spread 

 eagle; medical department, a caduceus; engi- 

 neers, a silver castle; signal corps, two crossed 

 signal flags and a torch in gold and silver. In- 

 fantry officers wear two crossed rifles with the 

 number of their regiment above the intersec- 

 tion; cavalry officers, two crossed sabers; artil- 

 lery officers, two crossed guns. 



Rank. On the shoulder straps the brigadier- 

 general wears one star and the major-general 

 two stars. On shoulder knot and shoulder loop, 

 the general wears a coat of arms between two 

 stars ; lieutenant-general, one large star between 

 two small stars; major-general, two silver stars; 

 brigadier-general, one silver star; colonel, a 

 silver eagle; lieutenant-colonel, a silver leaf; 

 captain, two silver bars; first lieutenant, one 

 silver bar. The rank of noncommissioned offi- 

 cers is indicated by chevrons on the coat. 



The Navy. Naval uniforms are similar 

 throughout the world, and those worn in the 

 United States navy may be regarded as typical. 

 There are three uniforms dress, undress and 

 service. The ceremonial uniform consists of a 

 double-breasted blue broadcloth coat with a 



high collar and gilt buttons; blue trousers with 

 a strip of gold lace along the seam; epaulets, 

 cocked hat and sword. The sen- ice unit in- 

 cludes a blue or white blouse, trimmed with 

 braid. White uniforms are worn during the 

 hot season and in the tropics. 



Officers and cadets wear on the cap a silver 

 shield, surmounted by a spread eagle, the whole 

 mounted on two gold anchors crossed. Rank 

 is indicated, as in the army, by a special em- 

 blem on collar, epaulet and shoulder straps. 

 An admiral wears on his sleeve two strips of 

 two-inch gold lace with a strip of one-inch l:ic<- 

 between; rear-admiral, one strip of half-inch 

 gold lace above a strip of two-inch lace; cap- 

 tain, four strips of half-inch gold lace; com- 

 mander, three strips; lieutenant-commander, 

 two strips of half-inch gold lace with a strip of 

 quarter-inch lace between; lieutenant, two 

 strips of half-inch lace; lieutenant (junior 

 grade), one strip of half-inch lace, with one 

 strip of quarter-inch lace above; ensign, one 

 strip of half-inch gold lace; cadet, one strip of 

 quarter-inch lace. G.B.D. 



For distinguishing marks which denote officers' 

 rank and for collar devices showing the depart- 

 ments of army service in the United States, see 

 WAR OF THE NATIONS. 



UNION, ACT OF, an act of the British Parlia- 

 ment to unite Upper and Lower Canada. Thx? 

 Quebec Act had provided a single province of 

 Canada, but in 1791 this was divided by the 

 Constitutional Act into two provinces, Upper 

 and Lower Canada. The chief reason for the 

 division was the influx of the United Empire 

 Loyalists (which see) into Upper Canada. The 

 desire of these Loyalists for English institutions 

 was gratified by the separation, but half a cen- 

 tury later the Union Act met with general 

 approval. 



The Union Act was the direct result of the 

 Earl of Durham's report (see DURHAM, JOHN 

 GEORGE LAMBTON). As the legislature of both 

 Upper and Lower Canada favored the plan, the 

 British Parliament in 1840 passed the Union 

 Act, which went into effect in 1841. It pro- 

 vided for a legislative council of not more than 

 twenty members, appointed by the Crown, and 

 for a legislative assembly in which each prov- 

 ince should be represented by eighty-four mem- 

 bers. This equality in representation was after- 

 wards one of the principal arguments against 

 the Union and in favor of Confederation. In 

 the records of the council and the assembly, 

 English was the only official language. The 

 legislature was to meet at least once a year, and 



