UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



51)02 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



mobile, consisting of a cylinder in which a mix- 

 ture of gas and air is exploded by an electric 

 spark. Besides gasoline, either natural or 

 manufactured gas may be used ; kerosene power 

 is developing; and various other mixtures are 

 also coming into vogue. Already the gas engine 

 is beginning to .play an important part in manu- 

 factures. Both electric power and gas engines 

 seem to give the small shop a better chance to 

 compete with the large shop than it had when 

 steam or direct water power were employed. 



Besides power, several other considerations 

 influence the location of manufactories. For 

 one thing, it is advantageous to have a factory 



Finally, the higher kinds of manufacture call 

 for a larger amount of skilled labor in propor- 

 tion to the cost of the raw materials. When- 

 ever this is the case, it becomes advantageous 

 to ship the raw materials to places where such 

 skilled labor is to be had, and these places are 

 usually in the more densely populated parts of 

 the country. For this reason the higher classes 

 of manufactured goods are often made in the 

 eastern section of the United States, notwith- 

 standing the raw materials are often produced 

 in the western. 



Lumbering and Wood Products. The com- 

 bination along the North Atlantic coast of tim- 



Cone -Bearing Trees 

 Cone -Bearers ; some Hardw 

 EHiI3 Scattering Cone-Bearers 

 Hardwood 



Hardwood; some Cone-Bearers 

 Scattering Hardwood 

 Practically no Timber 



FOREST AREAS OP THE REPUBLIC 



located as near as possible to the source of 

 raw material, especially if the raw material is 

 bulky and therefore expensive to transport. 

 Again, certain articles such as wagons and agri- 

 cultural implements are expensive to ship long 

 distances because of their bulk, even though not 

 very heavy. In the case of such goods, it is 

 best to have them made as near as possible to 

 the regions where they are to be used, espe- 

 cially if the raw materials, wood and iron, are 

 obtainable in the same district. Further, it is 

 sometimes cheaper to ship raw materials to 

 the coal than the coal to the raw materials, 

 particularly if the value per ton is greater. An 

 example of this situation is afforded by the iron 

 and steel industry. 



ber, rivers to float the logs, water power to 

 saw them, and excellent harbors early led to 

 an important lumbering and shipbuilding in- 

 dustry in that section, especially in New Eng- 

 land. Lumber has remained an important prod- 

 uct and to it has been added more recently the 

 manufacture of paper, which is made largely 

 from wood pulp, though some of the finer 

 grades are made from linen rags. With the 

 settlement of the states around the Great 

 Lakes, the manufacture of lumber products de- 

 veloped rapidly in that section. More recently 

 the forests of the South and of the Pacific 

 coast have been drawn upon after the forests 

 in the older districts began to show signs of 

 approaching exhaustion. 



