UNIVERSITY 



6001 



UNIVERSITY 



colleges, of which Dartmouth is a striking ex- 

 ample, that are organized as universities. 



The universities of the United States may be 

 classified under two divisions endowed uni- 

 versities and state universities. 



Endowed Universities. Most of the endowed 

 universities began as colleges. The most con- 

 spicuous examples of these are Harvard, Yale, 

 Columbia (formerly King's College) and 

 Princeton, each of which is described under its 

 title. The University of Chicago, Johns Hop- 

 kins and Leland Stanford Junior were founded 

 directly upon endowments. The support of en- 

 dowed universities is derived from interest on 

 an endowment fund, tuition and gifts. Those 

 mentioned above are amply equipped in build- 

 ings, laboratories and libraries, and their facul- 

 ties contain specialists of world-wide reputation, 

 who are capable of giving instruction of the 

 highest order, and of conducting the students 

 along the lines of original research which they 

 have respectively chosen. 



The management of an endowed university 

 is vested in a board of trustees, which may be 

 a self-perpetuating body or may receive its 

 new members by election by the alumni. This 

 board manages the financial affairs of the insti- 

 tution, engages the president and members of 

 the faculty on his recommendation, approves 

 tin- courses of study, and fixes, on the presi- 

 dent's recommendation, the requirements for 

 graduation from the various departments and 

 for conferring different degrees. The president 

 represents the faculty at the meetings of the 

 board, and the board at the meetings of the 

 faculty ; in other words, he is the means of com- 

 munication between the two bodies. In the 

 large universities each department is presided 

 over by a dean, who looks after the interests 

 of the department, and reports to the president 

 at stated intervals. The president is the gen- 

 eral manager and often is under the necessity 

 mis' much of hi> time to r.-ii.-iiiK money for 

 institution. Because of the great responsi- 

 bility and many duties resting upon him, he is 

 unable to give to the detailed manage- 



ment of departments. 



State Universities. These universities arc 

 organized by acts of the legislatures, and tin \ 

 derive their support from land grants made by 

 Congress for the purpose, and from direct ap- 

 propriations by the states. State univcr- 



been founded in all the states west of 



New York and in n numU -r of the older states. 



iiMirultural college is con- 



ith the university, but in others it has 



376 



no such connection. The organization and man- 

 agement of state universities and the courses of 

 study offered are about the same as those of 

 the endowed universities, with the following 

 exceptions: a state university maintains no 

 school of theology, and the board of trustees is 

 appointed by the governor of the state or is 

 chosen by the legislature. In most states the 

 governor and superintendent of public instruc- 

 tion are members of the board. Many state 

 universities have well-organized extension de- 

 partments (see University Extension, below). 

 In Minnesota all high schools are directly affili- 

 ated with the state university; in many states 

 official visitors recommend high schools for 

 university affiliation. Each state university is 

 described in these volumes under its tit 



European Universities. Among the most 

 noted universities in the world are those of 

 Cambridge and Oxford in England, and those 

 of Paris, Bologna, Jena, Berlin, Heidelberg, 

 Vienna, Edinburgh and Dublin. These are de- 

 scribed in these volumes under their respn 

 titles, and no detailed description is necessary 

 here. They were originally organized according 

 to two plans, of which the University of Bo- 

 logna and the University of Paris are types. 

 The former consisted of bands of students, and 

 the latter of an organization of teachers. The 

 Bologna plan was followed by all the universi- 

 ties of Southern Europe, and the Paris plan by 

 those in Northern Europe until comparatively 

 recent times. 



Canada. Higher education has always re- 

 ceived its full share of attention in Canada, 

 and with the opening up of tin* new provinces 

 in the West the number of colleges and uni- 

 versities has increased materially. The four 

 Western provinces have all established provin- 

 cial universities, while the more important of 

 the endowed institutions are to be found in tin 

 older Eastern sections. Of the universities of 

 tin Dominion the chief ones are those of Brit- 

 ish Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Mani- 

 toba; and Toronto, McGill, Queen's, Laval, 

 Acadia and Dalhouaie. For more detailed in- 

 formation tin- na.l, r may consult the articles 

 on those institutions and the subhead Educa- 

 tion in the articles on Canada and on the 

 various provinces. A.C. 



Related Subject*. In the Related 8ubj- 

 dex at the clone of the article EDUCATION la given 

 a list of all the unlveraltle* treated in these vol- 



Consult Oilman'* t'ntvcrtity Problem* ; Timing's 

 History of Higher Education in the United States; 

 SloMon'a Great American Universities. 



