VALLEY CITY 



VALOIS 



in Yellowstone National Park, and the Royal 

 Gorge in Colorado. 



Drowned valleys are those partially under the 

 sea, this condition being caused by the lowering 

 of the coast. Delaware Bay and the fiords of 

 Norway are good examples. Hanging valleys 



BROAD VALLEY, SHOWING FLOOD PLAIN 



are those formed by streams flowing down the 

 sides of mountains. They often contain beauti- 

 ful cascades. Glacial valleys are those that 

 have been formed by glaciers. W.F.R. 



Related Subject*. The following articles In 

 these volumes may be consulted In connection 

 with this description of valleys: 



Cajiyon 



Delaware Water Gap 

 Erosion 

 Fiord 

 Glacier 



Grand Canyon of the 

 Colorado 



Hill 



Khyber 



Mountain 



River 



Royal Gorge 



Saint Bernard, Great 



Simplon 



VALLEY CITY, N. D., the county seat of 

 Barnes County, is located in the southeastern 

 part of the state, fifty-eight miles west of Fargo 

 and 135 miles east of Bismarck, the state capi- 

 tal. It is beautifully situated in the valley of 

 Sheyenne River, and is on the Minneapolis, 

 Saint Paul A Sault Sainte Marie and Northern 

 Pacific railroads. Valley City is the seat of a 

 state normal school whose seven buildings are 

 d at $300,000, and has a Carnegie Library, 

 Elks' Club, armory, auditorium, two hospitals 

 and two city parks. A flour mill and concrete 

 works aro the important industrial establish- 

 es. Wheat is extensively cultivated in this 

 section. Population, 1910, 4,606. 



VALLEYFIELD, val'ijeeld, a city in th, 

 province of Quebec, forty miles southwest of 

 Montreal, at the western terminus of the Beau- 

 harnois Canal. It is an industrial center, pos- 

 sessing large flour and cotton mills, foundries 

 and over a dozen lesser plants. There is some 

 iron mining :ml considerable lumbering in (!)< 



vicinity. A Roman Catholic cathedral is lo- 

 cated here, and there is also a college convent. 

 The city owns its waterworks and electric light 

 plant. Population in 1911, 9,499; estimated, 

 1917, 10,500. 



VALLEY FORGE, val'i fawrj' , a village 

 twenty-four miles west of Philadelphia, on the 

 Schuylkill River, famous as the quarters of the 

 colonial army during the terrible winter of 

 1777-1778. The suffering of the troops, who 

 were without sufficient food, shoes, and other 

 protection from the cold, was due to the failure 

 of the congressional system of managing the 

 commissary department. No other period of 

 the war so tried the loyalty of the troops, but 

 in spite of great suffering, harsh criticism and 

 even plots directed against his command, 

 George Washington clung to his strategic posi- 

 tion throughout the long winter and spring. 

 With the aid of Baron Steuben (see STEI 

 FREDERICK WILLIAM), by the early summer he 

 had trained his army into an efficient and well- 

 organized body of troops. In June, 1778, tin 

 army moved on to Philadelphia. 



Seven hundred fifty acres of the old camping 

 ground have been purchased and converted into 

 a state park the Valley Forge Memorial Park. 

 The erection of a group of memorial buildings 

 has been planned, and there have already been 

 completed the Washington Memorial Chapel 



VALLEY FORGE: WASHINGTON'S 

 HEADQUARTERS 



and the Cloister of the Colonies. The old stone 

 house used by Washington as his headquarters 

 is still standing. Several arches and statues 

 have been erected, and one of the huts used by 

 the soldiers has been reproduced and cor 

 into a museum of relics. 



VALOIS, va Iwah' t House or, a branch of the 

 Capetian family which ruled in France from 

 1328 to 1589. On the death of Charles IV m 

 1328 without male heirs, his cousin, the grand- 

 son of Philip III, came to the throne as Philip 

 VI I (hvard III of England, a grandson of 

 Philip IV, also laid claim n< h crown, 



