VALPARAISO 



6024 



VALUE 



and the result was the disastrous conflict known 

 as the Hundred Years' War (which see). Phil- 

 ip's successors in the direct line were the fol- 

 lowing: 



John (1350-1364) Louis XI (1461-1483) 



Charles V (1364-1380) Charles VIII (1483- 

 CharlesVl (1380-1422) 1496) 

 Charles VII (1422-1461) 



On the death of Charles VIII without male 

 heirs the succession passed to Louis, Duke of 

 Orleans, great grandson of Charles V, who be- 

 came Louis XII and founded the House of 

 Valois-Orleans. He died in 1515. leaving no son, 

 and Francis of Angouleme came to the throne 

 as Francis I, the first of the Angouleme branch. 

 His successors were Henry II (1547-1559), Fran- 

 cis II (1559-1560), Charles IX (1560-1574) and 

 Henry II (1574-1589). At Henry Ill's death 

 the Bourbon family, in the person of Henry IV, 

 came to the throne. 



The important members of the House of Valois 

 are treated in these volumes under their respec- 

 tive names. 



VALPARAISO, vahlpahrahe'zo, the capital 

 of the province of Valparaiso, and next to 

 Santiago the largest municipality of Chile, is a 

 prosperous city with a population of 187,240 

 (1914). It is the chief port of the republic, 

 situated on a spacious inlet of the Pacific Ocean, 

 sixty-eight miles in a direct line, and 116 miles 

 by rail, from Santiago, which lies to the south- 

 east. The view of the city from the harbor, 

 which is sometimes compared to the Bay of 

 Naples in beauty, is very attractive. Along 

 the shores of the bay are the level sections 

 containing the business quarters, and on the 

 slopes of the surrounding hills are beautiful 

 residence districts. 



The deep, commodious harbor is semicircular 

 and opens to the north, and during the months 

 of July, August and September, when the worst 

 storms occur, much damage has resulted to 

 ships anchored in the bay. A vast scheme of 

 improvement was inaugurated in 1912, and the 

 work was still in progress in 1917. This plan 

 includes the construction of a breakwater about 

 1,000 feet long, a quay wall 2,000 feet long, a 

 large jetty with quays on both sides, ware- 

 houses and other structures. A space of 220 

 acres will ultimately be made safe for ships at 

 all seasons of the year. Extensive port im- 

 provements are also being made at San An- 

 tonio, forty miles to the south, with the idea 

 of diverting from Valparaiso a portion of the 

 traffic. In 1917 the establishment of a govern- 

 ment-chartered steamship line between New 



York and Valparaiso was announced by the 

 United States Shipping Board. 



The city has excellent telegraph and cable 

 service, and is connected by wireless with the 

 Juan Fernandez Islands, of Robinson Crusoe 

 fame. It has rail communication with Santiago, 

 and is connected with Buenos Aires by the 

 transcontinental railroad and the Andean tun- 

 nel, opened in 1910. A branch line runs to 

 Los Andes and the mining section. Valparaiso 

 is a manufacturing center of considerable im- 

 portance, the chief products including cotton 

 goods, machinery, tobacco goods, refined sugar 

 and liquor. It has the public buildings and 

 educational institutions typical of a progressive 

 city of its size, and the best-equipped tubercu- 

 losis sanitarium in South America. The place 

 was founded in 1536 by Juan de Saavedra. It 

 has several times been visited by earthquake 

 shocks, and w 7 as partly destroyed in 1906 by an 

 especially severe quake. J.S.G. 



VALPARAISO, valpara'zo, IND., the county 

 seat of Porter County, and the seat of Valpa- 

 raiso University, is in the northwest corner of 

 the state, forty-four miles southeast of Chicago. 

 It is served by the Grand Trunk, the New 

 York, Chicago & Saint Louis and the Pennsyl- 

 vania Company railroads, and has electric inter- 

 urban service. Features of the city are Saint 

 Paul's Academy, the Christian Hospital, a 

 courthouse and public library. Although prin- 

 cipally residential, the city has manufactories 

 of Chautauqua educational specialties, mica, 

 paints and varnishes. The surrounding section 

 is agricultural. Valparaiso was founded in 1836 

 and was incorporated in 1856. Population, 

 1910, 6,987. See VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY. 



VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY, an institution 

 established in 1873 by private enterprise, at 

 Valparaiso, Ind., a distinguishing feature of 

 which is its lack of entrance requirements. The 

 university has very moderate tuition and board- 

 ing fees, and has been of great benefit to many 

 students with limited opportunities for an edu- 

 cation. When opened, the institution was 

 mainly a teachers' preparatory school, but it 

 has developed into a university with twenty-six 

 departments, including both general and pro- 

 fessional courses. There are about 220 in- 

 structors and a student enrollment approxi- 

 mating 6,000. The university library contains 

 15,500 volumes. 



VALUE, val'u, in economics, is the worth or 

 desirability of a commodity, measured by the 

 amount or quantity of other articles which can 

 be exchanged for it. Since the time of John 



