VICTOR EMMANUEL II 



6077 



VICTOR EMMANUEL III 



cotton and other produce. The timber re- 

 sources are also important. The industrial es- 

 tablishments of the city include railroad shops, 

 lumber mills, cotton compresses and cotton- 

 seed-oil mills, foundries and manufactories of 

 lumber products, molasses, confectionery, 

 wagons and ice. 



A French and a Spanish fort were built near 

 tin* .site of Vicksburg in the eighteenth century, 

 but the first permanent settlement was made 

 in 1811, on the plantations of William Vick and 

 John Lane. The place was incorporated in 

 1840. M.W. 



VICTOR EMMANUEL II, vik' tor emman'u 

 d (1820-1878), king of Sardinia from 1849 to 

 1861, and king of Italy from 1861 until his 

 death. Becoming involved in a struggle with 

 Austria and thinking that his son could obtain 

 better terms from that country, Charles Albert, 

 his father, abdicated in his favor. Victor Em- 

 manuel immediately surrounded himself with 

 ministers and advisers who could help to pro- 

 mote the commercial greatness of the country. 

 His celebrated and broad-minded minister Ca- 

 vour assisted him to regulate and improve 

 financial conditions, to reorganize the army 

 and to secularize Church property. The latter 

 brought upon Victor Emmanuel the displeasure 

 of the Pope, and he was excommunicated, but 

 he asserted his independence and refused to 

 submit to Papal demands. 



With the advice of Cavour, Sardinia joined 

 England and France and sent 17,000 men to 

 take part in the Crimean War. In 1859 war 

 was declared by France against Austria, and 

 the Austrians were disastrously defeated at Ma- 

 genta and Solferino. Sardinia did not derive 

 any of the expected benefits from this cam- 

 paign, and Victor Emmanuel was compelled 

 to yield Nice and Savoy to France. 



In 1860 Tuscany, Parma and Modena were 



annexed to the dominions of Victor Emmanuel, 



alili turned i.v.-r Sicily to the king, and 



Umbria, throwing off the authority of Pope Pius 



I \ , was annexed to Italy. Victor Emmanuel 



was proclaimed king of Italy on M m h 17, 1861. 



In 1866 Vcnetia was ceded to Italy by Aus- 



and on the withdrawal of the French gar- 



rison from Rome in 1870 that city was annexed 



and became the capital of the country. On 



loath in 1878 Victor Emmanuel II waa suc- 



ceeded by his son Humbert I. 



Consult Godkln's Life of Victor Emmanuel //; 



Holland's Diiiltlcra of L'nitcd Italy. 



Victor Emmanuel may consult the following arti- 

 cles in these volumes: 



Cavour, Count Italy, subhead 



Crimea, subhead Unification of Italy 



Crimean War Sardinia, Kingdom of 



Garibaldi. Giuseppe Sicilies. Kingdom of 



Humbert I the Two 



VICTOR EMMANUEL IH (1869- ), king 

 of Italy, a just and generous ruler who has won 

 the respect and confidence of his people. He 

 is the only son of King Humbert I and Queen 

 Margharita, was born at Naples and was called 



Subject*. The reader who is Inter- 

 in tho ): luring the period of 



EMMANUEL III 



Prince of Naples until he succeeded his father 

 as king in 1900. He has considerable knowl- 

 edge of military affaire, having entnv.l th< 

 army as second lieutenant and risen by merit 

 to the rank of general. At the coronation of 

 Nicholas II of Russia he was present as his 

 father's representative, and occupied the same 

 position at the jubilee celebrations of Queen 

 Victoria of England. In 1896 he inarm <1 Prin- 

 cess Helena, daughter of Prince Nicholas of 

 Montenegro and sister of Princess Zorka, wife 

 of Peter Karageorgevitch, who became king of 

 Serbia in 1903. 



The king of Italy is democratic and broad- 

 minded; he is greatly assisted by the queen in 

 his efforts to better the condition of his people. 

 He is the father of three children, princesses 

 Yolanda and Mafalda and Prince Humbert. 

 During the War of the Nations no conscripted 

 soldier in his armies was more active than the 



