WASHINGTON 



WASHINGTON MONUMENT 



the emperor of Germany. The commission 

 further declared certain regulations with regard 

 to neutrality in war. 



WASHINGTON, UNIVERSITY OF, at Seattle, a 

 state coeducational institution beautifully lo- 

 cated on a campus of 355 acres on the shores 

 of lakes Washington and Union. It was organ- 

 ized in 1861, but it was not until 1877 that four 

 is of college work were given. Since the 

 admission of Washington as a state, in 1889, the 

 university has shown remarkable development. 

 The institution is organized into the colleges 

 of arts and sciences, engineering, forestry, law, 

 mines and pharmacy, the graduate school and 

 the summer school. The university cooperates 

 with the United States government in military 

 training, mine-rescue training, timber testing, 

 geological surveying and the utilization of for- 

 est products. Through the gifts of the Alaska- 

 Yukon-Pacific Exposition, held on the campus 

 in 1909, the school came into possession of 

 some very valuable buildings and displays. 

 The faculty numbers over 200, and the stu- 

 dent enrolment is about 4,000. There is a li- 

 brary of 77,785 volumes. 



WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY, a 

 coeducational school located at Lexington, Va., 

 which is indebted greatly to both of the illus- 

 trious Americans for whom it is named. It was 

 founded in 1749 as Augusta Academy by a 

 company of Scotch Presbyterians, and received 

 from General Washington its first significant 

 gift stock in a canal company presented to 

 him by Virginia in recognition of his distin- 

 guished service during the Revolution. The 

 university still realizes $3,000 annually from 

 this gift. In 1798 the name was changed to 

 Washington Academy, and in 1813 to Wash- 

 ington College. Lee, with characteristic devo- 

 tion and energy after the War of Secession, 

 immediately took up a definite bunlm. the re- 

 building of Washington College. For five years 

 (1865-1870) he served as its president (see page 

 3368), and laid the foundation of its later de- 

 velopment. In 1871, the year following Lee's 

 death, the school was given its present name. 

 It is organi/.i il into a college, a school of com- 

 <e, a school of applied science and n law 

 school. There are about thirty instructors, and 

 over 500 students. The library contains 50,000 

 volumes. 



WASHINGTON ARCH, a granite memorial 

 building which stands on the north side of 

 Washington Square, New York, at the head of 

 h Avenue. It was erected in 1889, to com- 

 memorate the centennial of the inauguration 

 389 



of George Washington as first President of the 

 United States. The design was made by Stan- 

 ford White, and the entire cost of construction 

 was $128,000, which was raised by popular sub- 

 scription. The structure as a whole is 77 feet 

 in height and 62 feet in breadth, while the sin- 

 gle archway is 47 by 30 feet. See illustration, 

 page 4206. 



WASHINGTON ELM. Visitors in Cam- 

 bridge, Mass., are always interested in an old 

 elm that stands near the northwest corner of 

 the Common. On a stone slab at the base they 

 may read this inscription: "Under this tree 

 Washington took the command of the Ameri- 

 can Army, July 3, 1775." In the days of the 

 Revolution the famous Washington Elm was 

 a noble tree with wide-spreading branches, but 

 the greater part of it has now fallen into de- 

 cay. See illustration, page 4986. 



WASHINGTON MONUMENT, a huge obe- 

 lisk in Washington, D. C., erected in honor of 

 George Washington. It stands in a spacious 

 park, south of the White House grounds, near 

 the Potomac River. Some such memorial was 

 proposed during the lifetime of the first Presi- 

 dent, but actual work on it did not begin until 

 1848. For seven years construction proceeded, 

 but was then interrupted on account of short- 

 age of funds and was not taken up again until 

 1878. From that time work on it was pushed, 

 and by February 22, 1885, the monument was 

 ready for dedication. The early part of tin- 

 work was in the hands of the Washington Na- 

 tional Monument Society, but in 1877 tin- 

 funds and the responsibility were turned over 

 to the United States government. The total 

 cost was nearly $1.200.000, most of which was 

 met by Congressional appropriation, though a 

 portion was collected by popular subscription. 



The monument is a shaft of masonry. th 

 tallest in the world, n- tot ,1 In-inht being 555 

 . five and one-eighth in I' is fifty- 



five feet square at the bottom and thirty-four 

 at the top, and the pyramid which forms ih. 

 apex is fifty-live fi rt in hnjiht. The whole 

 structure weighs 43,633 tons. The outside is 

 1 with Maryland marble, pure white, and 

 the tip is protected with a cap of aluminum. 

 On tin- nun r walls are set stones and tablets 

 which were contributed by different states, 

 com -ies and societies, and many of 



these have a most interesting history. There 

 is, for instance, a stone from the old (i 

 Parthenon, one from Vesuvius, one from th< 

 ruins of ancient Carthage; others came from 

 historic scene? in the life of Washington him- 



