WATERTOWN 





WATER WHEEL 





nists driven by the British from Boston made 

 their homes here. 



WATERTOWN, N. Y., the county seat of 

 Jefferson County, is situated on the Black 

 River, seventy-three miles north of Syracuse, 

 ten miles east of Lake Ontario and nineteen 

 miles southeast of the Thousand Islands of the 

 Saint Lawrence River. Transportation is pro- 

 vided by the New York Central Railroad. The 

 population in 1910 was 26,730; in 1916 it was 

 29,894 (Federal estimate). 



Interesting features of the city are a Federal 

 building, completed in 1900 at a cost of $100,- 

 000; a $250,000 Y. M. C. A. building, a Ma- 

 M>nic Temple, and the Roswell P. Flower Me- 

 morial Library, built by Mrs. E. Flower Taylor 

 in honor of her father, at one time governor of 

 the state of New York. City Park contains 

 about 600 acres. There are two hospitals, also 

 homes for the aged and for orphans. The city 

 is the center of one of the most productive 

 dairying regions in the United States. The 

 average annual cheese sales of the Watertown 

 Produce Exchange amount to $1,500,000. The 

 city 4 is named from its water power, and has 

 large paper and pulp mills and manufactories of 

 air brakes, farm implements and lumber. 



Watertown was settled in 1800. It was made 

 the county seat five years later, and was incor- 

 porated in 1816. A city charter was granted in 

 1869, and in 1918 the commission plan of gov- 

 ernment became effective. I.L. 



WATERVILLE, ME., a city in Kennebec 

 County, in the southwestern part of the state, 

 about eighty miles northeast of Portland, and 

 eighteen miles north and east of Augusta, the 

 state capital, with which it is connected by an 

 interurban line. Waterville is on the Kennebec 

 River, a navigable stream, and is served by the 

 Maine Central Railroad. It is the seat of 

 Colby College (Baptist) and of Cobura Clas- 

 sical Institute, and has a Carnegie Library. 

 The city has large railroad shops. Water power 

 obtained from the river is used in the manu- 

 facture of cotton and woolen goods, iron prod- 

 ucts, furniture and carriages. The city has 

 tanneries and cigar factories, and across the 

 :, at Winslow, are large paper and pulp 

 null- The place was settled in 1764, and was 

 a part of Winslow until separately incorporated 

 in 1802. The population in 1910 was 11,458, 

 and 12,702 in 1916 (Federal estimate). 



WATER VLIET, N. Y., a city in Albany 



County, located on the Hudson River opposite 



. It is connected with Troy by ferry and 



bridge, and is served by the Delaware & Hud- 



son Railroad. In 1910 the population was 15,- 

 o71: in 1916 it was 15,546 (Federal estimate). 

 In Watervliet there is a mammoth United 

 States arsenal, dating from 1807. Besides the 

 war materials manufactured in this plant, the 

 city produces iron and lumber products, wagon 

 and automobile specialties, harness, collars and 

 cuffs and woolen goods. 



WATER WHEEL, a device for utilizing the 

 power of falling water for mechanical purposes. 

 The water is guided from a stream or overflow 

 sluice to the wheel by means of a chute, so it 

 exerts its force chiefly by its weight and partly 



AN OVERSHOT WHEEL 



by impact. The wheel is similar in prin< 

 to the paddle wheel of a steamer, and rev< 

 on a horizontal axle which is connected 

 belts or gearing with whatever machinery it i- 

 intended to operate. . The substitution of iron 

 for wood in the construction of water wheels 

 has led to many improvements. 



There are several different kinds of 

 wheels, but they can be divided into two 

 classes, the vertical and the horizontal. The 

 horizontal wheels include the turbine, which is 

 fully described 

 under its own 

 title. The verti- 

 cal wheels include 

 the two most fa- 

 miliar types, the 

 overshot and tin- 

 undershot, wind) 

 are described be- 

 low. 



Overshot Wheel. 

 This is a water 

 wheel having a 

 series of buckets 

 an mud its circumference, so arranged that the 

 stream of water falls on the wheel just above 

 its center. The weight as well as the inert it <,i 

 the moving water sets the wheel into rotation. 



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