WATERWORKS 



6223 



WATSON 



sumption is regarded as excessive and the 

 result of waste. New York uses about 100 gal- 

 lons a day for each inhabitant, but the con- 

 sumption in Chicago in 1914 was 2542 gallons 

 per capita. The water pumped daily in Chi- 

 cago amounts to 613,323,616 gallons, a total 

 considerably in excess of the New York con- 

 sumption, due to a great extent to its vast in- 

 dustrial territory. 



As regards ownership, the tendency has been 

 for cities to assume charge of water supply, 

 though in a considerable number of American 

 cities private ownership still obtains. The cost 

 of construction and maintenance is necessarily 

 great. New York, for example, spent a sum 

 exceeding $177,000,000 in building its new sys- 

 tem. 



Home-Made Water Supply. The dweller in 

 an agricultural community is demanding to a 

 large degree the conveniences once enjoyed by 

 his city neighbor exclusively. He has discov- 

 ered that a system of waterworks for his house, 

 bam and dairy 

 can be had at 

 very moderate 

 expense, with 

 practically no ex- 

 pense for upkeep 

 when once in- 

 stalled. His 

 windmill serves 

 as a pumping sta- 

 tion. A reservoir 

 with a water level 

 leas than ten feet 

 above ground will 



i fl. f A SIMPLE ARRANGEMENT 

 There are few householders 



water into all who could not possess the 

 rooms on the first convenlenc above Illustrated, 

 floor of his dwelling. If he elevates the reser- 

 voir twenty-five feet above the ground the 

 pressure is sufficient to supply running water to 

 the second floor. By a little additional piping 

 and stove attachments both hot and cold water 

 are at the command of the housewife. The 

 diagram herewith shows how one farmer light- 



t he labor in house and barn. 

 Lacking a windmill, the familiar hand pump 

 can be brought into service to provide an un- 

 failing supply of fresh water to the kitchen in 

 tli* village or on the farm. A barrel will serve 

 as the reservoir; it need be placed only a 1 

 higher than the faucet to give pressure suffi- 

 cient for all culinary purposes. G.B.D. 



Consult Russell's Public Water 8uppl> 

 well's Water Supply Engineering. For Illustra- 



tion of a portion of New York's water system, 

 see halftones facing pages 306-307. On page 3505 

 is a drawing which shows the distance from which 

 Los Angeles secures its water supply. 



WATROUS, vxih'trus, a town in the south- 

 central part of Saskatchewan. It is the first 

 division point east of Saskatoon, on the main 

 line of the Grand Trunk Pacific ; it is fifty-nine 

 miles east of Saskatoon, 385 miles northwest of 

 Winnipeg and 408 miles southeast of Edmon- 

 ton. Watrous has a $35,000 school building, 

 several grain elevators, a machine shop and a 

 dump rock company. The municipal water 

 and sewage systems were completed in 1915. 

 Electric light is furnished by a private com- 

 pany. Manitou Lake, three miles distant, is 

 becoming known as a tourist and health resort. 

 Population in 1911, 781; in 1916, estimated, 

 1,500. 



WAT'SON, JOHN (1850-1907), an English 

 author and clergyman, best known by his pen 

 name of IAN MACLAREN. He was born at Man- 

 ningtree, Essex, of Scotch parents, and was sent 

 at the age of sixteen to Edinburgh University, 

 where Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry 

 Drummond were his classmates. After study- 

 ing for the ministry at New College, Edin- 

 burgh, and at Tubingen, he served as assistant 

 at the Barclay church, Edinburgh, and in 1875 

 became minister of the Free church at Logieal- 

 mond. This little town, the "Drumtochty" of 

 his works, gave him the scene for many of his 

 stories. 



In 1877 Watson accepted a call to be assistant 

 to Dr. Miller in Free Saint Matthew's, Glas- 

 gow, and three years later went to Sefton Park 

 Presbyterian church in Liverpool, where he won 

 a reputation as a pulpit orator. He is best 

 known, however, for his collection of stories of 

 Scotch life called Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush, 

 winch was published in 1894 and became at 

 once very popular. The other works published 

 under his pen name include The Days of Auld 

 Lang Sy>< 'Tic and A Doctor of th<- 



Old School; while under Ins own name he pro- 

 duced The Mind of the Matter. The Upper 

 Room, The Potter's Wheel and The Life of the 

 Master. Watson <1 vman Beech, r 



ires before the Yale I 1 -Vhool in 



1896. It was during a trip t the United States 

 tli it li< ,!rd, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. 



WATSON, THOMAS E. (1856- ), an 

 American lawyer, journalist and political leader, 

 who obtained the first appropriation in Con- 

 gress for the free rural ! li\< TV of mail. He 

 was born in Columbia County, Ga., studied law 



