WHEAT 



6263 



WHEAT 



GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF WHEAT 

 Where dots are most numerous the greatest quantities are raised. 



Russia ranks second in the world's output, 

 British India third, France fourth, and Canada, 

 annually producing over 240,000,000 bushels, 

 holds fifth place. In 1915 the Canadian yield 

 was 376,303,600 bushels, more than one-half of 

 which was produced by the province of Sas- 

 katchewan; most of the remainder came from 

 Manitoba, Alberta and Ontario. Winnipeg and 

 Port Arthur are the grain centers of the Do- 

 minion. Other leading wheat countries are 

 Germany, France, Hungary, Spain, Italy and 

 Argentina. In number of bushels to the acre 

 the United States is behind most of the Euro- 

 pean countries. 



Manufacture. Besides its most important 

 use in the making of flour, wheat is prepared in 



picarp 



-Endosperm 

 -Mesocarp 

 Endocarp 

 -E pi sperm 

 -Tegmen 



Perisperrn 



or flaked and cooked. It is estimated that 

 wheat in various forms constitutes nineteen per 

 cent of the total food of an American family. 



The use of wheat in starch dates back to an- 

 cient Egypt. Wheat starch was used in Eu- 

 rope during the time of Queen Elizabeth I'm 

 the stiffening of neck ruffs and as a powder 

 for the hair, and until 1848, when cornstarch 

 was first made, it was the only starch known. 

 It is still used for the Best laundry work. 

 Macaroni of the best quality is made from the 

 glutinous hard wheats of the Mediterranean 

 and Black Sea regions. 



Screenings, which consist of inferior wheat 

 and seeds, are used as cattle feed ; wheat straw 



er, 10.6 

 at, 1.7 



Episperm- 

 Tegmen 



Perisperm- 

 Chit 



^Carbohydrates.?!? 



LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF A GRAIN OF 



WHEAT 



various other ways as food. The nulling prod- 

 ucts, known as bran, shorts and middlings, are 

 used extensively in the manufacture of break- 

 fast foods. In some varieties the grain is finely 

 ground and eaten raw, and in others it is rolled 



Ash, 1.8 



COMPOSITION OF A GRAIN OF WHEAT 

 Aa a hent producer It averagw with mutton. In 

 n.-ariy twin- as valuable a* round steal 



is valuable aa potatoes and about equal to 

 peas. Its fuel value Is 1626 calories per 

 pound. 



is also used for live stock, and green wheat is 

 occasionally cut as hay. 



Enemies of Wheat. The chinch bug .and the 

 Hessian fly, both of which arc described in 

 these volumes under their respective titles, are 



