WILLARD 



62S9 



WILLIAM 



and Eugene, the commercial center for agricul- 

 tural produce of the upper Willamette Valley, 

 are also on its banks. 



WILLARD, wil'ard, EMMA C. HART (1787- 

 1870), one of the earliest American workers in 

 the campaign for women's higher education, 

 founder of the Emma Willard School, text- 

 book writer, and author of the words of the 

 familiar song, Rocked in the Cradle of the 

 Deep. She was born at Berlin, Conn., and at 

 the age of sixteen began teaching in the vil- 

 lage school. This occupation she followed for 

 several years. After her marriage to Dr. John 

 Willard, in 1809, she founded a girls' boarding 

 school at Middlebury, Vt. In 1821, aided by 

 the state, she established a seminary for girls 

 at Waterford, N. Y., which was removed to 

 Troy in 1823. For thirteen years after Dr. 

 Willard's death, in 1825, his wife conducted the 

 institution, which became known as the Emma 

 Willard School. The proceeds from the sale of 

 her Journal and Letters from France and Great 

 Britain she donated to a school for women 

 which she had helped to establish at Athens, 

 Greece. Among her other writings are a His- 

 lory of the United States, Last Leaves of 

 American History, Morals for the Young and 

 Treatise on the Circulation of the Blood. In 

 1895, at Troy, N. Y., a statue was erected in 

 her honor. 



WILLARD, FRANCES ELIZABETH (1839-1898), 

 an American educator and reformer, born at 

 Churchville, N. Y. In 1859 she was graduated 

 from the Northwestern Female College at 

 Evanston, 111., and after teaching for several 

 years and travel- 

 ing for two years 

 in Europe and the 

 Far East, was ap- 

 pointed professor 

 of aesthetics in 

 N orthwestern 

 University, be- 

 coming dean 

 of the Woman's 

 College there in 

 1871. Three 



years later she MIgs FHJ ^ CES 

 resigned that For many yeani probably 



position, became <J" '> woman in 



the united states, 

 secretary of the 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union and later 

 its president, distinguishing herself in that ca- 

 pacity until her death. 

 Miss Willard became a member of the execu- 

 imttcc of the Prohibition party in 



1882, founded the World's Christian Temper- 

 ance Union the following year, and was elected 

 its president in 1888. In her lectures in 1876 

 she declared her support of woman suffrage, 

 urging that through the ballot women would 

 win protection against the evils of drink. She 

 visited England in 1892 as the guest of the 

 temperance reformer, Lady Henry Somerset, 

 and during her stay addressed what is said to 

 have been the largest audience ever assembled 

 in mass meeting at Exeter Hall. 



During her life Miss Willard did more for 

 the cause of temperance than probably any 

 other person of her time, through the influ- 

 ence of her rare personality, depth of sympa- 

 thy and sincerity. She edited the Chicago 

 Post and Mail and the Union Signal, the latt. r 

 the official organ of the temperance movement. 

 Her writings are Nineteen Beautiful Years, 

 Woman and Temperance, Glimpses of Fifty 

 Years and A Great Mother. With Mary A. 

 Livermore she edited A Woman of the Cen- 

 tury. 



Consult Gordon's The Beautiful Life of Fran- 

 ces Willard. 



WILLIAM, the name borne by four of the 

 rulers of England, the first of whom was the 

 conqueror of the island. 



William I, THE CONQUEROR (1027-1087), the 

 first Norman king of England, son of Duke 

 Robert II of Normandy. He inherited the 

 duchy of Normandy at the age of eight, and 

 until he was old enough to govern it in person, 

 his territory was in wild disorder. At the age 

 of twenty he put down a serious revolt, and 

 thenceforward ruled with an iron hand. II 

 experience in Normandy guided him when he 

 ascended the English throne. 



Invasion of England. In 1066 William in- 

 vaded England to make himself kin^. Although 

 to-day an enterprise such as his would be con- 

 sidered as piracy, William justified his action 

 on several grounds and had the encouragement 

 of the Pope. When the Norman nobles feared 

 he would not be able to cross the English Chan- 

 nel with enough men to conquer, he said, "It is 

 the courage of warriors rather than their num- 

 bers that determines the result of combats." 

 Estimates of the number of men who accom- 

 panied him vary from 14,000 to 60,000. The 

 English king, Harold, prepared to resist the 

 Normans, but was drawn away by a Norwegian 

 attack on his other coasts, and William's expe- 

 dition landed without opposition. Harold re- 

 turned and fought the Battle of Hastings, which 

 resulted in victory for the invaders. 



