WINNIPEG 



63 16 



WINNIPEGOSIS 



Street are most of the banks, brokers, financial 

 organizations of various kinds, the city hull, 

 the towering Union Bank buildinp, Mclntyre 

 and Bon Accord buildings. On Portage Ave- 

 nue, at right angles to Main Street, are the 

 Post Office, the Free Press building, the T. 

 Eaton Company's stores, the Y. M. C. A. and 

 the Aikins Block. Princess Avenue, parallel to 

 Main Street, is the center of the wholesale dis- 

 trict. Broadway and Assiniboine Avenue are 

 beautiful residential streets, and there are also 

 many fine homes in Fort Rouge, south of the 

 Assiniboine River. Nearly all residence streets 

 are boulevarded, and there are many parks, of 

 which Assiniboine, River and Elm are most 

 important. 



In the central part of the city are many 

 splendid buildings, both private and public. In 

 addition to those already mentioned are the 

 Parliament Building, Government House, the 

 law courts, the University of Manitoba, Mani- 

 toba College and Wesley College. Winnipeg 

 has nearly a hundred churches, many of great 

 architectural merit. The schools are note- 

 worthy; nearly all are splendidly housed, and 

 they are remarkable for their excellence as edu- 

 cational institutions. Winnipeg has a general 

 hospital, a deaf and dumb institute and several 

 homes for children and needy women. 



History. The first settlement on the site of 

 Winnipeg was made by Verandrye in the year 

 1733. Three-quarters of a century later, in 

 1811, the Earl of Selkirk began to send settlers 

 to the Red River Valley. On the site of 

 Verandrye's Fort Rouge rose Fort Gibraltar, 

 belonging to the Northwest Company, and 

 near by was Fort Douglas, named for the Earl 

 of Selkirk and owned by the Hudson's Bay 

 Company. After the two companies combined 

 a new fort, named Fort Garry, was built in 

 1821. This was replaced by a stronger Fort 

 Garry in 1835; of the second fort only a gate 

 now remains. Fort Garry was the scene of 

 Riel's first rebellion (see RED RIVER REBEiy 

 LJON), and was the center of the Red River 

 settlements. The first house on the prairie, 

 outside the fort, was built in I860, but for a 

 decade the settlement grew slowly. In 1870 

 Fort Garry had only 250 regular residents. In 

 1874 it was incorporated as a city, and soon 

 began to grow with amazing rapidity. C.H.B. 



WINNIPEG, a Canadian lake in the south- 



1 part of the province of Manitoba. It 



n area of 9,459 square miles, about one 



hundred square miles more than the state of 



Vermont, and with the exception of Great Bear 



and Great Slave lakes is the largest lake lying 

 wholly in Canada. It is 260 miles long from 

 north to south, and from twenty to sixty miles 

 wide, its greatest width being at the northern 

 end. Like lakes Winnipegosis and Manitoba, 

 which also were once a part of Lake Agassiz of 

 the Glacial Period, Lake Winnipeg is shallow, 

 nowhere exceeding a hundred feet in depth. 

 This condition is responsible for the rapidity 

 with which a breeze roughens the surface of the 

 water. The fisheries on Lake Winnipeg, which 

 are the most important in the province, have 

 an annual yield of $400,000; common whitefish 

 constitutes nearly one-half of the total, and 

 tullibee, a variety of whitefish, nearly one-third. 



Lake Winnipeg is a storage reservoir for the 

 waters of one of North America's great river 

 systems, the Saskatchewan-Nelson. The drain- 

 age basin of this system comprises 370,000 

 square miles, or more than one-tenth of the 

 total area of the Dominion of Canada. The 

 largest tributary of this system is the Sas- 

 katchewan River, and next in importance are 

 the Red River of the North and the Winnipeg 

 River. The Nelson River, issuing from the 

 north end of Lake Winnipeg, is the outlet for 

 this system into Hudson Bay. 



An article on each of these great rivers appears 

 in its alphabetical place in these volumes. 



WINNIPEGOSIS , win epego' sis, formerly 

 also called WINNIPEGOOS, is a Canadian lake, in 

 the southwest part of Manitoba. It is directly 

 west of Lake Winnipeg and northwest of Lake 

 Manitoba, into which it drains through Water- 

 hen Lake and Waterhen River. Winnipegosis 

 has an area of 2,086 square miles, or 269 square 

 miles more than Lake Manitoba and about one 

 hundred square miles less than Prince Edward 

 Island. It is shaped somewhat like the figure 7, 

 having its greatest extent from east to west 

 across the northern end. It is 122 miles long 

 and has a maximum width of about twenty 

 miles. The greatest known depth of Lake 

 Winnipegosis is thirty-eight feet, and there are. 

 so many shallow places that navigation is pos- 

 sible only for vessels drawing less than ten feet. 



Fishing, both in winter and summer, is im- 

 portant on the lake. Whitefish and pike are 

 the principal varieties taken, and the average 

 value of the yearly catch exceeds $100,000. In 

 prehistoric times lakes Winnipegosis, Manitoba 

 and Winnipeg formed a vast single sheet of 

 water, now known to geologists as Lake Agassiz. 

 Lake Winnipegosis was discovered in 1749 by 

 the French-Canadian explorer Pierre de Va- 

 rennes, Sieur de la Verandrye (1685-1749). 



