WINTERBERRY 



6318 



WINTHROP 



his own poem, The Voice of the Silence, at the 

 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, 

 and was a frequent contributor to leading 

 magazines and reviews. Several trips abroad 

 resulted in a number of descriptive volumes, 

 which include Shakespeare's England, Old 

 Shrines and Ivy and Gray Days and Gold. He 

 wrote extensively on dramatic subjects, pub- 

 lishing, among other works, Henry Irving, The 

 Stage Lijc oj Mary Anderson, Lije and Art of 

 Edwin Booth, Life and Art of Joseph Jefferson 

 and Vagrant ML morit t. 



WIN'TERBERRY, a name applied to a spe- 

 cies of plants belonging to the same family as 

 the holly. The winterberry, which is sometimes 

 known as black alder, attains a height of from 

 six to twelve feet. Its attractive berries of 

 bright crimson appear in November, and the 

 branches, laden with their cheerful fruit, are 

 popular as house decorations. Winterberry 

 wreaths will keep their bright color for a long 

 time, if properly dried. The bark is said to 

 have tonic and astringent qualities and has been 

 used as a family remedy for fever. 



WIN'TERGREEN, a hardy, flowering wood- 

 land plant, found in almost all parts of the 

 northern hemisphere, and so named because its 

 leaves remain green all winter. It is a low 

 shrub, with glossy, oval leaves clustered at the 

 top of reddish 

 stems, which bear 

 small white or 

 pink flower balls, 

 and bright scarlet 

 berries. The 

 leaves yield a 

 fragrant, pleas- 

 ant-tasting oil, 

 which is used ex- 

 tensively as a 

 flavoring for 

 candy, medicine, 

 chewing gum, 

 tooth powders 

 and similar prepa- 

 rations. Spotted 

 vnntergreen is a 

 handsome species, 

 growing about nine inches high, whose leaves 

 are streaked with white along the veins. 



WINTER PAL 'ACE, one of the most inter- 

 esting buildings in Petrograd, and one of the 

 largest palaces in the world. It dates from 1764, 

 and was built by the Empress Anne. This 

 great structure is on the bank of the Neva 

 River, northeast of the Admiralty. It is 455 



WINTERGREEN 

 The flowering plant 

 (a) fruit. 



and 



feet long, 350 feet wide and 80 feet high, and 

 is so admirably proportioned that it gives an 

 effect both of symmetry and of massiveness. 

 Within there are many suites, halls and gal- 

 leries, containing valuable collections of paint- 

 ing and sculpture. Portraits of all the sover- 

 eigns of the Romanoff family, from Michael 

 Feodorovitch to the deposed Nicholas II, are 

 preserved in a special gallery. There was bitter 

 fighting here in the fall of 1917, at the time of 

 the revolt of the bolsheviki against the pro- 

 visional government. 



WINTHROP, win'thrup, JOHN (1588-1649), 

 an American colonist, born at Edwardston, in 

 Suffolk, England. He was educated at Trinity 

 College, Cambridge University, and, as a young 

 man of wealth and influence had unusually 

 bright prospects. But his religious beliefs were 

 of the Puritan sort and he felt that he should 

 be with the colonists in America. In 1629 the 

 London proprietors of the Massachusetts Com- 

 pany appointed him governor of the New Eng- 

 land colony, and in June, 1630, he arrived at 

 Salem, Mass., with 900 emigrants. From that 

 time until his death he was continuously either 

 governor or deputy-governor, and he worked 

 with extraordinary energy for not only the 

 religious but the commercial betterment of the 

 settlement. 



He was one of the founders of Boston, 

 organized in 1643 the New England Confedera- 

 tion and served as its first president. He bit- 

 terly opposed the doctrines of Anne Hutchin- 

 son, and was one of the leaders in driving her 

 from the colony. His Journal, telling of New 

 England events down to 1649, is considered one 

 of the most valuable source books in American 

 history; it is a treasure house of information 

 on colonial manners, domestic life, church ac- 

 tivities and religious and political views. Win- 

 throp died at Boston, and was buried in that 

 city. 



WINTHROP, MASS., a popular beach resort 

 and a residential town five miles northeast of 

 Boston, on the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn 

 Road. Originally it was a part of Boston, then 

 of Chelsea, and later of North Chelsea; in 1852 

 it was incorporated independently. It has a 

 number of attractive hotels and Winthrop 

 Shore Reservation, a beautiful promenade 

 along the beach; there are fine facilities for 

 bathing, boating and yachting, and there is a 

 park and a public library. Winthrop also has 

 features of historical interest; among them are 

 Dean Winthrop House, built in 1649, Fort 

 Heath and Fort Banks. In 1910 the population 



