WRENCH 



WRESTLING 



fame as the greatest of English architects and 

 required the best of his time and efforts be- 

 tween the years 1675 and 1710. 



During the forty years following the great 

 fire there was hardly a building erected in or 

 near London that had not been planned by 

 him. Among his city churches are Saint Ste- 

 phens, Saint Michael's, Saint Mary-le-Bow and 

 Saint Bride'*. He also designed the Custom- 

 house, the old Royal Exchange, Maryborough 

 House, Buckingham House, the Sheldonian 

 Theater at Oxford, the library of Trinity Col- 

 lege, Cambridge, and Queen's College chapel. 

 He was in the habit of specializing on some 

 principal feature of the building, and his 

 churches are especially known for their graceful 

 and artistic spires. The designing of several 

 buildings in America has been attributed to 

 him, among them a church in New Haven, 

 Conn., and the main building of William and 

 Mary College. 



All his work is characterized by harmony of 

 proportion, simplicity and gracefulness of line. 

 He was knighted in 1673 by Charles II, served 

 in Parliament for several years, was elected 

 president of the Royal Society in 1681, and 

 when he died was buried in Saint Paul's, where 

 a tablet, indicating his resting place, bears the 

 appropriate epitaph: "If thou seek his monu- 

 ment, look about thee." 



WRENCH, rench, a tool for turning bolts, 

 nuts, screws or pipes by the force of a twisting 



FOUR FORMS OF WRENCHES 

 (a) Machinist's wrench; (6) flat pocket 

 wrench; (c) alligator wrench; (d) monkey 

 wrench. 



strain. It is sometimes simply a bar of metal 

 with angular jaws or a toothed opening at one 

 or both ends. Some wrenches have a number 

 of jaws for different sizes of bolts and screws; 



some, like the alligator, or bulldog, wrench, 

 have a flaring jaw with teeth on one side; 

 others, like the monkey wrench, have a sliding 

 inner jaw adjusted by a screw. 



WRESTLING, res' ling. Many athletic 

 sports are likely to exercise one set of muscles 

 at the expense of others, but of wrestling and 

 swimming it may be said that they "play no 

 favorites." They bring every muscle into play, 

 from the crown of the head to the soles of the 

 feet, and are therefore among the most health- 

 ful of sports. In wrestling it is not always the 

 strongest and heaviest man who wins. Weight 

 counts, naturally, but skill counts also, and a 

 wrestler who has mastered all the difficult holds 

 that may be used the half-Nelson, the hum- 

 merlock, the grapevine lock, and so on stands 

 a very good chance of throwing a much heavier 

 and stronger opponent who has less skill. In 

 no game, moreover, are the quick eye and the 

 decisive action more essential. The slow wres- 

 tler is always the ineffective wrestler; he wastes 

 strength which should be concentrated in the 

 sharp attack and the unexpected stratagem. 



The Japanese have a similar sport called 

 jujutsu (see that heading, page 3181). 



Catch-as-Catch-Can Style. Boys on the 

 playground are likely to use this method of 

 wrestling. It is the favorite form in the United 

 States even for exhibition bouts; its popularity 

 may be explained, perhaps, by the fact that it 

 is a very free style, allowing a great deal of 

 liberty to the opponents, encouraging and re- 

 warding strategy and permitting every legiti- 

 mate kind of artifice. Tripping is permitted, 

 but of course kicking and throttling holds are 

 barred. As the name sufficiently indicates, the 

 holds in this style are taken at random, and the 

 wrestlers struggle to throw each other to the 

 mat or floor. When one of them succeeds in 

 pinning his opponent's two shoulders to the 

 floor, he wins a fall. When the match is pro- 

 fessional, two falls in three, or three in five, are 

 usually required for a decision. 



Collar and Elbow. This style was popular 

 until about 1880; it is recognized as the na- 

 tional style of Ireland. The wrestlers wear a 

 short coat or jacket, with stout collar and 

 sleeves, to obtain a good grip. Each man seizes 

 the collar of his opponent with his right hand 

 and with the other hand takes a firm hold on 

 the sleeve near the elbow. During the struggle 

 neither grip must be relaxed, on pain of losing. 

 A man is thrown when two shoulders and one 

 hip or two hips and one shoulder touch the 

 mat. 



