YAFA 



6379 



YAKIMA 



Yachting is an exhilarating sport that has 

 become of national importance in the United 

 States, Canada and England. International 

 races between the United States and England 

 began in 1851, when the. America won, by a 

 race around the Isle of Wight, a five-hundred- 

 dollar silver cup offered by the English Royal 

 Yacht Squadron. The trophy has since then 

 been a possession of the New York Yacht Club, 

 though several English yachts have endeavored 

 to win it back. The waters off Sandy Hook are 

 usually the scene of these exciting races, which 

 never fail to arouse great interest and en- 

 thusiasm on both sides of the Atlantic. Among 

 the later American boats that successfully de- 

 fended the cup were the Volunteer, the De- 

 fender, the Vigilant and the Reliance. Sir 



parts of the plateau of Tibet; the other is the 

 smaller, domesticated yak, which supplies the 

 natives of the country with food, clothing, 

 shelter and a means of travel. The wild yak, 



MODEL OF RACING YACHT 



Thomas Lipton's Shamrock III was defeated 

 by the Reliance in 1903. In 1914 Sir Thomas 

 sent his Shamrock IV to America to race for 

 the trophy, but the outbreak of the great war 

 put an end to all plans. B.M.W. 



Consult Skeno'H Elements of Yacht Design. 



YAFA, yah'jah. See JAFFA. 



YAK, the name given to the wild ox of 

 Tibet. It is distinguished by its coat of long, 

 silky hair, which covers the body and hangs 

 in a thick fringe along its sides. Sometimes, 

 on an old animal, this fringe is so long that it 

 reaches t\\e ground. The tail, too, is very long 

 and bushy. Apparently this hair was devel- 

 oped as a protection against the cold, for it 

 forms a thick mat which protects the animal's 

 body from the bed of snow on which he rests. 



There are two distinct species. One is the 

 magnificent wild yak of the highest and coldest 



THE DOMESTICATED YAK 



standing nearly six feet high at the shoulder, 

 is black in color, with a thick body, short legs 

 and strong horns; it somewhat resembles the 

 North American bison, or buffalo. While it is 

 by nature very shy and wary, when aroused 

 it is a formidable foe. 



The domestic yak, called the "grunting ox," 

 is smaller, and is often mottled black and white 

 in color. It is not used for plowing, as is the 

 domestic ox, but is of great value as a beast of 

 burden, for Tibet is without railroads. The 

 milk it yields is very rich and furnishes cv 

 lent butter, which the natives use to make thoir 

 coarse food more palatable. Tent coverings 

 and ropes, woolen cloth and woolen garments 

 are made from the yaks' long hair. The bushy 

 tails, dyed red, form an important article of 

 trade with India, where they are used to drive 

 away flies. 



YAK 'IMA, meaning runaway, the name of 

 an important Shahaptian tribe of North Ameri- 

 can Indians, who formerly lived on both sides 

 of the Columbia and on the northerly branches 

 of the Yakima and the Wenatchee rivers, in 

 Washington. A treaty was made with the 

 Yakimas by the Tinted States government in 

 1855, by which the Yakima Reservation in 

 Eastern Washington was established. Thirteen 

 tribes, besides the Yaknna*. \verc to be confe.l- 

 <1 a< tli Yaknna Nation upon the reser- 

 vation, but before the treaty could be nit 

 an Indian war broke out which in\ol\l t 1 

 It was not until 1859 that the provisions of the 

 treaty were carried into effect. 



It is now impossible to estimate the number 

 of Yakimas proper, as tin- term has been used 

 to include all the tribes within the limits of tin 

 reservation. Of the total population living on 

 the reservation in 1917, estimated at 1,900, very 



