YONGE 



0394 



YORK 



nected with the railway leading to Tokyo, the 

 capital. The commercial district has a number 

 of notable and imposing buildings; the well- 

 wooded hill known as "The Bluff," on the 

 south, is covered with the beautiful homes of 

 foreign residents. In the vicinity is found the 

 magnificent bronze image of the Great Buddha, 

 . t high and one of the greatest of Japa- 

 nese works of art. 



Yokohama has telegraphic communication 

 with Europe and America, through Tokyo, 

 Nagasaki, Shanghai and Vladivostok. The 

 chief exports include silk goods, tea and lac- 

 quered wares, fish, metals and paper, and the 

 principal imports are sugar, cotton and woolen 

 manufactures and raw cotton. Population in 

 1913, 397,574. 



YONGE, yung, CHARLOTTE MARY (1823-1901), 

 a novelist and essayist, born at Otterbourne, 

 England, where most of her life was spent. She 

 was a woman of extraordinary energy, and she 

 produced books with a rapidity scarcely 

 equaled by any other woman writer of English 

 literature. More than 125 volumes bear her 

 name, and these include a wide variety of sub- 

 jects novels, short stories, biographies, re- 

 ligious essays, literary criticisms, histories and 

 numerous schoolbooks. Among her best novels 

 are The Heir oj Rcdclyffe, The Daisy Chain 

 and The Dove in the Eagle's Nest, all dealing 

 with English rural life and possessing a good 

 deal of romance and sentiment. 



Unfortunately, Miss Yonge felt it her duty to 

 teach and moralize in everything she wrote, 

 and to many this tendency greatly decreases 

 the pleasure in reading her fiction. In her his- 

 torical works, such as Landmarks oj History, 

 Cameos oj English History and English Church 

 History, this tendency is not out of place, and 

 the books are valuable sources of information. 

 She was a zealous worker for the Church of 

 England, and gave a large portion of her book 

 royalties to its schools and missionary work. 



YONKERS, yong'kerz, N. Y., a residential 

 city in Westchester County, fourteen miles 

 north of the center of New York City. The 

 site, covering an area of nearly fourteen square 

 miles, extends four miles along the east bank of 

 the Hudson River and gradually rises eastward 

 tq elevations which offer magnificent views of 

 the river and the Palisades. Four divisions of 

 the New York Railroad, several prosperous 

 electric lines and regular boat connections with 

 Albany and New York supply transportation. 

 The population increased from 79303 in 1910 to 

 99,838 (Federal estimate) in 1916. 



A conspicuous feature of Yonkers is its great 

 number of beautiful homes, many of which are 

 owned by New York business men. Philipse 

 Manor Hall, a fine example of colonial archi- 

 tecture, dating from 1682, was used as a city 

 hall from 1872 until 1908, when it became the 

 property of the state and was made a museum 

 of colonial and Revolutionary relics. The 

 "Grey Stone," once the residence of Samuel J. 

 Tilden, is also a feature of interest. Other 

 prominent structures are the new city hall, 

 erected at a cost of $500,000; the Carnegie Li- 

 brary, which stands in Washington Park; Saint 

 Joseph's Catholic Seminary, the Woman's In- 

 stitute and the Hollywood Inn for Working- 

 men. Among the institutions of the city are 

 the Hebrew Home for Aged and Infirm, the 

 Leake and Watts Orphan House, and the 

 Homeopathic, Saint Joseph's and Saint John's 

 Riverside hospitals. The parked areas include 

 Grant, Irving, Washington, Sunset, Glen and 

 Manor Hall parks. On the Hudson is a steel 

 recreation pavilion. 



While principally a residential city, Yonkers 

 has important manufacturing industries. Of 

 these, sugar refining and the manufacture of 

 carpets and rugs, hats, foundry and machine- 

 shop products and rubber goods are the chief. 

 Other products are elevators, patent medicine 

 and compounds, silk and clothing, and the city 

 also has shipbuilding yards and lumber and 

 flour mills. 



In 1645 a grant of land which included the 

 present site of Yonkers was obtained by Adrian 

 Van der Donck, who was known as De Jonk- 

 heer, or "young nobleman," by tenants who set- 

 tled on his estate. In 1672 the land became a 

 part of the Philipse Manor. The settlement, 

 called Philipsburg, was incorporated as the vil- 

 lage of Yonkers in 1855. The town was divided 

 in 1872, and the northern portion was chartered 

 as the city of Yonkers; the southern portion 

 was incorporated as Kingsbridge, and in 1874 

 was annexed to New York City. 



YORK, yawrk, a quaint old city of England, 

 which was conspicuous in almost all the great 

 epochs of English history, and was a center of 

 wealth and authority when London was only a 

 village. It is a parliamentary and county bor- 

 ough and the capital of Yorkshire, and is situ- 

 ated about midway between Edinburgh and 

 London, at the union of the Foss and Ouse 

 rivers. The city proper is enclosed by mas- 

 sive stone walls, at present used as promenades, 

 through which entrance is obtained by four 

 imposing gateways; its narrow, irregular streets 



