ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN 



6416 



ZOOLOGY 



The winds of the earth are similarly divided 

 into zones (see chart), and there are distinct 

 realms of plant and animal life bounded by 

 barriers of mountains and seas and conditions 

 of climate. 



On the basis of plant life the earth's surface 

 is divided into the tropical zone, extending 

 each side of the equator to the limit of frost, a 

 region of tall, large-leaved plants and luxuriant 

 ion except in the deserts; the temperate 

 lying between the limits of trees and 

 the arctic zones, where there are no trees 

 and little vegetation; the mountain zones, 

 characterized by low-growing plants with pro- 

 portionally large roots; and the water zone. 



The animal zones include the arctic realm, 

 characterized by few species of fish, mammals 

 and insects and totally lacking in reptiles; the 

 north temperate realm, which is subdivided 

 into continental regions; the South American 

 realm; the Indo-African realm, including a 

 large part of Africa and Arabia, India, the 

 southern part of Asia and the near-by islands; 

 the Lemurian zone, comprising Madagascar 

 alone and distinguished by many species of 

 lemur; the Australian realm, including Aus- 

 tralia and the neighboring islands, where the 

 great part of the animals are marsupials and 

 parrots. The sea is also divided into zones 

 with respect to its animal life: the littoral 

 fishes are those living near the shore; the pe- 

 lagic fishes inhabit the surface waters of the 

 open seas; the bassalian fishes are the simple 

 forms of the deep sea. E.B.P. 



ZOOLOGICAL, zooloj'ikal, GARDEN, an 

 enclosure or a park where collections of live 

 animals are kept for study and for exhibition. 

 The animals "are scientifically cared for, and 

 many are provided with large, outdoor cages, 



where, so far as possible, they may live under 

 natural conditions. The first collection of 

 animals made for scientific study was that of 

 the Jardin des Plantes, established at Paris in 

 1804. Owing to the rapid decrease in wild life 

 and man's growing desire to learn more of ani- 

 mals, these institutions have been established 

 in all parts of the world. 



Among the leading zoological gardens in the 

 United States are the gardens in Philadelphia 

 and Cincinnati, and that in Bronx Park, New 

 York City, which is partly maintained by the 

 city. It is the largest and most complete 

 zoological park in America; although con- 

 trolled by the New York Zoological Society, 

 the city has given the site, buildings, improve- 

 ments, water and police service, and provides 

 an annual fund for its maintenance. The Na- 

 tional Zoological Park established in 1889 at 

 Washington is maintained by Congress, under 

 the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. 

 It was given a fund of $100,000 in 1915. 



In many of the large cities municipal "zoos," 

 are maintained for free exhibition, the largest 

 being those at Lincoln Park, Chicago; High- 

 land Park, Pittsburgh; Forest Park, Saint 

 Louis; Belle Isle, Detroit, and Golden Gate 

 Park, San Francisco. In the cities of Ottawa, 

 Montreal, Quebec, Toronto and in Stanley 

 Park, Vancouver, similar collections are main- 

 tained, and in the western part of the Do- 

 minion there are large buffalo parks, such as 

 that at Wainwright. In nearly every great city 

 of Europe there is a zoological garden, and 

 large institutions of this kind are maintained in 

 Tokyo, Calcutta, Bombay, Melbourne, Rio de 

 Janeiro and Buenos Aires. 



Consult Hagenbeck's Beasts and Men; Velvin's 

 From Jungle to Zoo. 



THE STORY OF ZOOLOGY 



Insect 



('Mammal 



OOLOGY, zool'oji. The great serv- 

 ice of animals to man in furnishing him food 

 and clothing, in the destruction of his enemies 

 and as servants and companions has made 

 them objects of universal interest. Public 



zoological parks, or "zoos," where wild and 

 unusual specimens are exhibited, are thronged 

 by people of all ages, and the interest in do- 

 mestic animals is seen in the study given to 

 their care and in the organization of humane 



