ZOUAVES 



ZULULAND 



Every religion that has influenced the world 

 has centered around an individual, but indi- 

 viduals have not created religious systems. 

 Their task has always been to simplify, arrange 

 and spiritualize a confused mass of earlier 

 teachings. 



Zoroastrianism. The ancient religion of the 

 ;:ms was Mazdaism; the reforms and spir- 

 itualized teachings imparted by Zoroaster and 

 his followers changed it to Zoroastrianism. All 

 nature seemed to the ancient Persians to teach 

 dualism. There is cold and heat; light and 

 darkness: hence, also good and evil. Zoroaster 

 taught that all forms of life and all forms of 

 creation are the resultant of two principles, 

 forces or tendencies; their names, as given in 

 the Zend-Avesta, are simply better principles 

 and the worse one, but these principles soon 

 become personalized as Ahura Mazda and 

 Angra Mainyu, and later still as Ormazd and 

 Ahriman. The practical consequence of this 

 belief was a division of everything between 

 these two principles; all supernatural powers 

 were ranged on the side of good or evil. The 

 great duty of man in this life is to choose the 

 Better Way, "as to thought, as to word, and as 

 to deed." But these teachings were too re- 

 fined for the mass of the people, and ancient 

 polytheism resumed its sway. 



There are striking resemblances in ancient 

 beliefs as well as wide differences, and there 

 are parallels with some of the teachings of 

 more modern religions. Zoroastrianism taught 

 that there were abodes of the blest and the 

 wicked after death; the House of Hymns cor- 

 responded to the Christian heaven, while the 

 House of Destruction was the Zoroastrian iu 11. 

 Between the two the Judge, or Gatherer, stood 

 and separated the righteous from the wicked. 

 The teachings of this religion prophesied the 

 coming, at an uncertain day, of a Savior 

 oshyant) and the approach of a final judgment 

 upon all men. A.MCC. 



Consult Jackson's Zoroaatcr, the Prophet of 

 Ancient Iran ; Tide's The Religion of the Iranian 

 Peoplet. 



ZOUAVES, zooahvt', a body of troops in 

 the French army, deriving the name from 'lit 

 Zouaoua tribes of Kabyles of Algeria, from 

 whom they were first recruited in 1830. Whm 

 first raised the Zouaves consisted of two bat- 

 talions composed of an equal number of French 

 and natives. It was found undesirable to con- 

 tini:.- this formation and the races were sepa- 

 rated, the French portion continuing, however, 

 to wrnr the native dress they had adopted. 



The native Algerian contingents are known as 

 Turcos. The Zouaves now in the French army 

 consist of four regiments of five battalions each 

 and are considered one of the finest bodies of 

 infantry in Europe. 



In the United States the Zouave uniform be- 

 came popular during the War of Secession, the 

 Ellsworth Zouaves and the New York Fire 

 Zouaves being conspicuous for bravery. 



ZUIDER ZEE, or ZUYDER ZEE, zi'der ze' , 

 a gulf projecting into the Netherlands and 

 separated from the North Sea by a chain of 

 islands. Originally the Zuider Zee was a lake 

 in the midst of extensive fens and marsh lands ; 

 it acquired its present character as a result of 

 inundation occurring from the twelfth to the 

 fifteenth century. It is extremely shallow, 

 having an average depth of from ten to forty 

 feet. Its greatest length, which is from north 

 to south, is eighty-five miles; it has a maxi- 

 mum breadth of forty-five miles and an area 

 of a little over 2,000 square miles. 



ZULULAND, zoo' loo land, a territory of 

 Africa, forming the northeastern portion of the 

 Province of Natal, in the Union of South 

 Africa. It covers an area of approxima 

 10,450 square miles, stretching from the lower 

 Tugela River to the boundaries of Portuguese 

 East Africa. The population is estimated at 

 230,000, of whom only about 1,700 are wluti . 



The Zulus have long been noted as fierce 

 warriors, which fact has brought them oft< n 

 into prominence and made them better known 

 to the world than any other black tribes of th< 

 "Dark Continent." Early in the nineteenth 

 century they overran great portions of South 

 Africa, and have been until comparatively 

 recent years bitter opponents of the Boers, who 

 inflicted terrible defeats on the Zulu hordes, 

 though outnumbered by nearly twenty to one. 

 The Zulus, part of the original African Bantu 

 stock, reside in kraaU, or villap they 



build as circular enclosures, with a second inner 

 ring fence, forming a cattle pen. <> 

 kraal was formerly a head man subject to tin 

 authority of tin- rhu-i of the tribe, who was 

 himself responsible to th< knur. The highest 

 authority is now exercised by a resident British 

 commissioner. The last Zulu king was Dini- 

 lulu, son of the famous Cetewayo, whose royal 

 kraal was at Ulunde, where he was crushed 

 after severe fighting in 1879. The Zulu power 

 was broken, but Diniiulu continued i> mat, 

 the natives against Boers H: .md he 



was eventually banished. Zululand was an- 

 nexed to Nat.il in 1897. 



