vi 
IV. 
V. 
VI. 
CONTENTS 
RULERS OF THE ANCIENT SEAS 
The Mosasaurs, 49 ; history of the first known Mosasaur, 50 ; 
jaws of reptiles, 53; extinction of Mosasaurs, 55; the sea- 
serpent, 56; Zeuglodon, 58; its habits, 59; Koch’s Hydrar- 
chus, 61; bones collected by Mr. Schuchert, 63; abundance 
of sharks, 64; the great Carcharodon, 65; arrangement of 
sharks’ teeth, 67; references, 68. 
BIRDS OF OLD 
Earliest birds, 70; wings, 71; study of young animals, 73 ; 
the curious Hoactzin, 74 ; first intimation of birds, 76; Arche- 
opteryx, 77; birds with teeth, 78 ; cretaceous birds, 79 ; Hes- 
perornis, 80; loss of power of flight, 81 ; covering of Hesper- 
ornis, 82; attitude of Hesperornis, 83; curious position of 
legs, 84; toothed birds disappointing, 85; early development 
of birds, 86 ; eggs of early birds, 87 ; references, 88. 
THE DINOSAURS 
Discovery of Dinosaur remains, 90 ; nearest relatives of Dino- 
saurs, 91; relation of birds to reptiles, 92; brain of Dino- 
saurs, 93; parallel between Dinosaurs and Marsupials, 95 ; 
the great Brontosaurus, 96; food of Dinosaurs, 97 ; habits of 
Diplodocus, 99 ; the strange Australian Moloch, 100; com- 
bats of Triceratops, 101; skeleton of Triceratops, 102 ; Thes- 
pesius and his kin, 104; the carnivorous Ceratosaurus, 106 ; 
Stegosaurus, the plated lizard, 106 ; references, 109. 
VII. READING THE RIDDLES OF THE ROCKS 
_ Fossils regarded as sports of nature, 111; qualifications of a 
successful collector, 112; chances of collecting, 114; excava- 
tion of fossils, 115 ; strengthening fossils for shipment, 117 ; 
great size of some specimens, 118; the preparation of fos- 
sils, 119; mistakes of anatomists, 120; reconstruction of 
Triceratops, 121; distinguishing characters of bones, 122; 
