202 ANIMALS OF THE PAST 
dress. We are told that these are put on “to — 
make the dress look pretty,” but the student — 
regards the bows as vestiges of the time when 
there were no buttons and hooks and eyes had ~ 
not been invented, and dresses were tied to-— 
gether with strings or ribbons. As for ruffles, — 
they took the place of flounces, and flounces — 
are vestiges of the time when a young woman — 
wore the greater part of her wardrobe on her 
back, putting on one dress above another, the 
bottoms of the skirts showing like so many — 
flounces. So buttons, ruffles, and the vermi- — 
form appendix of which we hear so much all 
fall in the category of vestigial structures. 
Where the mastodons originated, we know 
not: Sefior Ameghino thinks their ancestors” 
are to be found in Patagonia, and he is very 4 
probably wrong ; Professor Cope thought they — 
came from Asia, and he is probably right; or — 
they may have immigrated from the conven-— 
ient Antarctica, which is called up to account 
for various facts in the distribution of animals.* — 
* During the past year, 1901, Mr. C. W. Andrews of the 
British Museum has discovered in Egypt a small and primitive — 
species of mastodon, also the remains of another animal which he — 
