THE ROUNDWORMS OF DOMESTIC SWINE. 19 



spicule, 2.75 to 2.9 mm.; short spicule, 500 to 570 /z, thus confirming 

 the present writer's observations. 



Arduenna strongylina, considered a rare parasite by Dujardin 

 (1845a), Neumann (1892a), and Railliet (1893a), is now known to 

 have a wide range. In this country at least it is very common, as 

 will be shown later. In Europe it has been collected from the wild 

 boar by Bremser (Rudolphi, 1819a) in Germany, and is reported by 

 Dujardin (1845a) in Austria, and by Railliet and Henry (191 Ib) in 

 prance from the same host. It has been reported for domestic swine 

 'in Germany (Gurlt, 183 la), Hungary (Von Ratz, 1899d), Italy 

 (Piana, 1897e), and Roumania (Ciurea, 1911). Most helmintholo- 

 gists, following the older writers, state that the parasite is rare and 

 occurs somewhat more commonly in the wild boar than in domestic 

 swine. Dujardin (1845a) states that "out of 19 wild boars dissected 

 at the museum of Vienna, only 2 had this worm in the stomach." In 

 Roumania, Ciurea found it in 9 out of 72 healthy swine, between 1 

 and 27 specimens being found in a single host. Outside of Europe it 

 has been reported by Von Linstow (1886c) from Turkestan, and by 

 Railliet and Henry (191 Ib) from Annam Province, Indo-China. 

 Some doubt, however, may be expressed regarding the identity of the 

 parasite reported by Von Linstow (1886c) since, as has been shown, 

 Von Linstow (1879b) has apparently confused PJiysocepTialus sexalatus 

 with Arduenna strongylina. The references to this parasite in the 

 United States will be considered in detail in another part of the paper. 

 Judging from its abundance in the United States, it seems not 

 improbable that a careful examination of hogs' stomachs in European 

 slaughterhouses would show, a more widespread infection than 

 hitherto reported. The specimens received by this bureau from 

 Gedoelst were unaccompanied with any data giving the host or 

 locality. Doubtless many veterinary schools and colleges throughout 

 Europe contain specimens both of this parasite and of PTiysocephalus 

 sexalatus which, like the specimens received from Gedoelst, have 

 never been reported in the literature. 



An examination of the literature reveals only two authentic hosts 

 for Arduenna strongylina, namely, the European wild boar and 

 domestic swine, although most writers subsequent to Diesing (1851a) 

 have included the peccary in their lists of hosts. 



Diesing (185 la) identified as Spiroptera strongylina some specimens 

 of worms in the Vienna museum collected by Natterer in Brazil, 

 April 24, 1826, from the stomach of the white-lipped peccary (Dico- 

 tyles labiatus) and labeled Spiroptera suis lalnati. As a result of his 

 identification he (Diesing, 1851a) added Dicotyles albirostris ( = Dico- 

 tyles Idbiatus Cuv.) 1 to the previously known hosts of Spiroptera 



> Dr. H. W. Henshaw, Chief of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture, in reply to a letter regarding the synonymy of Dicotyles labiatus, states (Feb. 24, 1911) that, 

 according to Dr. J. A. Allen, of his bureau, Dicotyles labiatus and albirostris are synonyms, labiatus having 

 preference as being the older term, the correct name, however, being Tayassu pecari Fischer. 



