1 46 STATISTICAL SURVEY 



SECT. 2. Habitation , fuel, food, and clothing of 

 the lower rank; their general cojl. 



THERE are two denominations of lower ranks, uni- 

 verfally to be met with. 



The firft comprehends fuch as have fmall farms, 

 by far too limited to make out a fupport in any de- 

 gree comfortable, perhaps for more than one half of 

 the year, and too frequently not fo much. Many of 

 this clafs are under-tenants, or what is commonly cal- 

 led the third man, and fometimes the fourth and fifth, 

 and too often more fteps removed from the lord of 

 the foil. The further the diftance from the landlord, 

 of courfe the greater muft be the poverty of the laft un- 

 dertaker, as every occupier muft, or is fuppofed to 

 have profit in the land. 



The fecond clafs are chiefly cottiers, who frequently 

 derive under tenants, of different degrees, down from 

 the lord of the foil. Many of this defcription are wea- 

 vers, as well as labourers. This clafs of people are 

 generally more comfortable than the former, as they 

 run no rifque, and have but little to lofe. But the 



under tenants (commonly called fky-farmers) are by 





 far the mod miferable part of the community, as has 



been obferved in another place. 



With refpecl: to ^habitations, they are in general very 

 bad, and efpecially fuch as are occupied by cottiers, 



who 



