18 ACTION OF ANTHELMINTICS ON PARASITES. 



her in the intestine; Hcemonchus and Ostertagia in the stomach. 

 All the worms were alive. 



The analysis, already given, of this. medicine, indicated that it is 

 practically inert as a vermifuge and that any improvement following 

 its use would be attributable to the tonics contained in it. The nega- 

 tive results with this medicine were precisely what might be expected. 

 At a time when parasitologists in practical work are not aware of 

 adequate remedies for all kinds of worms, and especially of any one 

 remedy which is efficacious against all kinds of worms, it is unlikely 

 that the manufacturers of proprietary medicines will have this 

 information. 



In the male-fern experiment, sheep Nos. 3. 4, 5, and 6 were given 

 9 c. c. of the ethereal extract thoroughly mixed with 25 c. c. of 

 linseed oil the dose recommended by Railliet, Moussu, and Henry 

 in the morning of four successive days. They were killed the 

 afternoon of the fourth day. No. 3 had one dead and partly digested 

 Thysanosoma in the gall bladder; No. 4 had one live Thysanosoma 

 in the gall duct and one live one in the pancreatic duct ; Nos. 5 and 6 

 had no tapeworms. No Hcemonchus was found in any. Live Oster- 

 tagia were found in Nos. 1, 2, and 3. All of the sheep had some 

 signs of pneumonia, a marked retention of urine, with a slight cys- 

 titis, due apparently to the male fern. Considerable purging 

 occurred during the last two days, which is attributable to the linseed 

 oil. No tapeworms were found in the feces. 



The finding of a dead Thysanosoma in the gall bladder of No. 1 

 is a fact pointing to a possible efficacy of the male fern ; the presence 

 of live Thysanosoma in No. 2 rather offsets this. 



As the experiments were not conclusive, we repeated them later on 

 the ranch of Mr. Kennedy, near Amo, Colo. Five sheep were selected, 

 one of them being used as a check. Four sheep were each dosed with 

 6 c. c. of ethereal extract of male fern thoroughly mixed with 25 c. c. 

 of linseed oil, on four successive days. The sheep were killed on the 

 fifth day. Autopsy findings were as follows: 



1. Twelve Thysanosoma in gall ducts and duodenum and 2 Strongyloides 

 papillosus in intestine. No Hcemonchus. 



2. Twelve Thysanosoma in duodenum, 1 in common bile duct, 4 in biliary 

 ducts, 1 in gall bladder, and 1 in pancreatic duct, a total of 19 ; 4 Hcemonchus 

 and 2 Ostertagia in fourth stomach. 



3. Five Thysanosoma in duodenum, 1 in gall bladder, and 3 in bile ducts, a 

 total of 9; 158 Hcemonchus in fourth stomach and 10 Nematodirus filicollis in 

 intestine. 



4. Seven Thysanosoma in duodenum and 5 in gall ducts, a total of 12; a few 

 Hcemonchus and about 20 Ostertagia in fourth stomach. 



5. Check animal. Two Thysanosoma in the gall ducts; a few Hcemonchus 

 and Ostertagia in fourth stomach and 3 Strongyloides in intestine. 



The Thysanosoma were all alive, as were the nematodes. 



