6 ACTION OF ANTHELMINTICS ON PARASITES. 



stomachs and short alimentary tracts, such as the dog, that the results 

 from the administration of remedies per orem are generally very 

 unsatisfactory. Stiles and Pfender (1902), for instance, found that 

 thymol, a classic remedy for hookworms, was without effect on whip- 

 worms of the cecum of the dog. On the other hand, Miller (1904) 

 claims to have succeeded in removing whipworms from the dog by 

 the use of oleoresin of male fern. Parasites located in the large 

 intestine are, however, difficult to reach with ordinary anthelmintics 

 administered by mouth. 



In view of the difficulty of reaching parasites located in the ali- 

 mentary tract beyond the stomach or small intestine, or even in these 

 organs in ruminants, by means of anthelmintics administered through 

 the mouth, it would seem on first thought that treatment with such 

 remedies for worms in the liver, pancreas, muscles, brain, blood, or in 

 other locations outside the direct course of the digestive tract, would 

 be certain to result unsuccessfully. Nevertheless several more or less 

 commonly used anthelmintics have received favorable consideration' 

 in the treatment of verminous parasites located outside the lumen of 

 the stomach and intestine, and the results of the tests made in some 

 cases apparently afford a basis for a belief in their efficacy. 



HISTORICAL REVIEW. 



A consideration of the work done on this subject shows that 

 writers, in general, have recognized two lines of work: First, the 

 treatment of somatic and extraintestinal tseniasis where parasites 

 are located in the brain, muscles, liver, or subcutaneous tissue; and 

 second, the treatment of certain forms of distomatiasis, where the 

 parasites are located in the liver or blood. Parasites in the liver are, 

 of course, relatively nearer the usual site of operation of anthel- 

 mintics. To the first line of work we wish to add some notes on the 

 treatment of tseniasis where the parasites are located in the liver and 

 in the pancreatic and bile ducts. In this case the parasite, Thysarvo- 

 soma actinioides, is also an intestinal parasite, and we use, therefore, 

 the terms extraintestinal and intestinal thysanosomiasis to indicate 

 the two forms of infestation with the adult worm. 



Since writers along either of the two lines mentioned have usually 

 confined their abstracts and criticism of related work to work along 

 the one line, this review will summarize the two lines of work 

 separately. 



SOMATIC AND EXTRAINTESTINAL, T^NIASIS. 



Ziirn (1882a) states that after trying for 24 years to find some 

 medication that would cure gid in sheep, he has concluded that suc- 

 cessful treatment of the sort is impossible, and cautions against the 

 administration of poisons, which, in his opinion, results in nothing 



