UNSANITARY HOUSING 55 



" SECTION 5. There is hereby appropriated and set apart 

 out of the municipal revenue the sum of twenty-five thousand 

 dollars to be known as the "City Plan Fund" to defray the 

 expenses of the Commission incurred in fulfilling the objects 

 and purposes of this Ordinance." 



The movement in Great Britain has proceeded upon 



lines somewhat similar to those of Germany with this 



exception: that while German methods lead to centralization of 



industries and population, decentralization has been the bed-rock 



principle underlying what is known as the Garden City Movement. 



The important pioneer legislation having to do with the move- 

 ment in Great Britain is the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 

 1890, with amendments. Part I applies only to urban districts and 

 for its effectiveness seems to depend largely upon official representa- 

 tion by the local authority for the wholesale clearance of slums and 

 the erection of model municipal dwellings either on the cleared site 

 or on suburban land. Part II makes it compulsory upon the owner 

 to set in order unfit habitations and provides for the demolition of 

 houses where the owner refuses to act; while Part III gives to local 

 authorities the power to buy land, erect houses and lay out open 

 spaces for parks, playgrounds and gardens. Part V applies to Scot- 

 land and Part VI to Ireland only. 



The latest legislation in respect to housing is that passed by the 

 British House of Commons in December, 1909. It is markedly in 

 advance of any previous enactment of a similar character and there- 

 fore the following synopsis is appended : 



THE HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING ACT, 1909. 



The Act is divided into four parts, which may for convenience 

 be considered under two chief headings, viz. : Part I, Amendments 

 of the Housing Act 1890-1903; Part II, Town Planning. Part I is 

 dealt with under Section I of the Act, while Part II is dealt with 

 under the remaining three sections. 



Part I of the Act is to be considered as one with the Housing 

 of the Working Classes Act, 1890-1903. It gives freedom to local 

 authorities, and more particularly, rural district authorities, to ex- 

 ercise the powers granted by the Housing Act, which heretofore have 

 been granted only to urban authorities. It removes obstacles in the 

 matter of procedure; restricts the period for which loans may be 

 left outstanding; and affords increased facilities for the acquisition 

 of land. At the same time the Local Government Board is given 

 increased authority and a new and separate branch of the depart- 



