TILLAGE AND CULTIVATION 



61 



clay soils they are of little use. Hence in India much 

 fertile land of this kind was long left uncultivated (fig- 

 ures 30-33). 

 In small 

 gardens we 

 use for tillage 

 the spade, or 

 spading fork, 

 with which 

 we dig up 

 the ground. 

 Afterwards, 



when we wish to make a nice seed bed, we smooth it 

 with a rake. In large fields we use for tillage the turn- 

 ing plow instead of the spade, and the harrow or horse 



FIG. 30. Ancient Egyptian plow. 



FIG. 31. The method of plowing still used in Egypt. 



