294 AGRICULTURE ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE 



or nearly so, often with a tinge of red. The Swede turnip, 

 sometimes also called ruta-baga, has yellow flesh, which is 

 also generally sweeter than that of the common turnips. 



On account of their rapid growth turnips of both kinds 

 are commonly sown as second crops after the grain harvest, 

 especially in the humid regions, where summer and autumn 

 rains can be looked for. They can there be harvested before 

 frosts set in, and are stored away in cellars or pits, or in 

 piles, well covered with earth, to keep out frost. 



Turnips are very important as winter food for stock in 

 all north temperate countries, to be fed along with the dry 

 feeds, like hay. 



The "Jerusalem" artichoke has nothing whatever 

 to do with Jerusalem, being a native of Canada and 

 the northern United States, where it was cultivated 

 by the Indians before the whites came. "Jerusalem" 

 is here a perversion of the Italian name for a sunflower 

 (girasole). The plant is a sunflower, little different 

 from many kinds now growing wild in the Mississippi 

 Valley states. 



Its tubers, like those of the "Irish" potato, are really 

 underground stems, and can be made to grow up into flower- 

 ing stalks if put above ground. They are smaller than the 

 average potato, also softer and more watery, but have a 

 flavor not unlike the true artichoke. They are little used in 

 cooking except in soups. As a cattle food, they are very 

 good, and in good soils yield heavy crops. The tubers are 

 used to propagate the plant. 



Hops. The hop plant grows wild in Europe, and 

 has been cultivated for the brewing of beer only since 



