ORCHARD FRUITS 



311 



Most of the eating and raisin grapes are pruned quite 

 short, that is, within two to four buds of the last year's growth 

 (canes), and such vines are grown only with one stake, and 



FIG. 171. Giant grapevine at Carpenteria, California. 



sometimes none. The long-pruned vines are sometimes 

 allowed to run over trees in Italy, but in California are 

 mostly tied to trellises of wire or wood. 



All grapes grown in the Old World are of the European 

 kind, and they were taken to America in early times. But 



