328 AGRICULTURE ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE 



tivated berries vary in shape, all the way from the "lady 

 finger" to broad heartshape. 



Strawberries are grown in rows (figure 173 a), two to three 

 feet apart. When they are through with blooming and 

 bearing, they put out runners that cast roots between the 

 rows. By cutting off the -stems we thus get rows of new 

 plants for the next season. But by irrigating the old 

 plants and cutting off the runners we can, in regions with 

 mild winters, keep them bearing so as to get several crops 

 from one set of plants. By planting early and late varieties 

 we can have berries almost all the year. 



Raspberries are of two chief kinds, red and black, with 

 many varieties of each. The black raspberries (also called 

 blackcap) are at home in America, while the red, with its 

 varieties, the yellow and white, are from the Old World. 



Raspberry bushes have a woody stem, but bear only once 

 on the same wood; so that new woody shoots are sprouted 

 every year, while the old canes die and should be cut away 

 when through bearing. The red raspberries are propagated 

 by layering, by cuttings, or by dividing the root clumps. 

 The blackcaps have a habit of rooting at the tips of the 

 stems and there forming good rooted plants. Delicious 

 blackcaps and red thimbleberries are found wild in the woods 

 of Oregon and Washington. 



Blackberries grow wild all over the United States, prefer- 

 ably in limy black lands, where they grow very large and 

 sweet. There are three chief wild kinds: (1) the bush black- 

 berry of the Eastern states, of which there are many culti- 

 vated varieties; (2) the dewberry, which grows trailing on 

 the ground and is very large, sweet, and aromatic; and 

 (3) the briar blackberry of California and the country west 

 of the Rocky Mountains generally. 



Blackberries differ from raspberries in that they do not 



