THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PLANT 



69 



FIG. 49. Accessory buds 

 of box elder (Acer) 



are often found with the lateral buds. 

 These usually produce flowers. When 

 growing points originate elsewhere, as 

 on injured roots and stems, they are 

 called adventitious buds. As the end 

 of the growing season approaches, the 

 stem ceases to elongate, and the buds 

 prepare for winter 

 by developing va- 

 rious devices in- 

 tended to protect 

 them from the ef- 

 fects of the cold. 

 Bud scales, formed 



from the outer layers of leaflike parts, 

 are usually developed, though some 



buds pass the 

 winter with- 

 out them. In 

 many species 

 the buds are 

 further pro- 

 tected by coats 

 of hair within 

 the scales or 



F i G . 50 . A ccessory buds 



of the butternut 



(Juglans) 



by a kind of varnish on the outer 

 parts. Others are almost covered 

 by the bark of the twig during win- 

 ter. Buds which are not protected 

 by bud scales are called naked buds. 

 On the return of spring the bud 

 scales that are too hard to function 

 as leaves are cast off, the stem begins to lengthen again, and 

 the rest of the bud scales develop into leaves. The lateral 



FIG. 51. Accessory buds of 



the golden bell (Forsythia) 



These are flower buds 



