68 AMERICAN AGRICULTURE. 



convenient article for use, and even fot remote transportation. 

 The odor is sometimes expelled by adding quick lime, but 

 this removes with it much of the ammonia, and on this 

 account should always be avoided. 



Urate as well as poudrette, has become an article of 

 commerce. It is manufactured in large cities by collecting 

 the urine, and mixing with it l-6th or l-7th of its weight of 

 ground gypsum, and allowing it to stand several days. The 

 urine combines with a portion of the ammonia, after which it 

 is dried and the liquid is thrown away. Only a part of the 

 value is secured by this operation. It is sometimes prepared 

 by the use of sulphuric acid, which is gradually added to 

 urine and forms sulphate of ammonia, which is afterwards 

 dried. This secures a greater amount of the valuable prop- 

 erties of the urine ; but even this is not without waste. 



Night Soil. From the analysis of Berzelius, the excre- 

 ments of a healthy man, yielded water, 733 ; albumen, nine ; 

 bile, nine ; mucilage, fat and the animal matters, 167 ; saline 

 matters, twelve ; and undecomposedfood,70 in 1,000 parts. 

 When freed from water, 1,000 parts left, of ash, 132 ; and 

 this yielded, carbonate of soda, eight ; sulphate of soda, with 

 a little sulphate of potash, and phosphate of soda, eight ; 

 phosphate of lime and magnesia, and a trace of gypsum, 

 100 ; silica, sixteen. 



Human urine, according to the same authority, gives in 

 every 1,000 parts, of water, 933 ; urea, 30.1;uric acid, 1.0 ; 

 free acetic acid, lactate of ammonia, and inseparable animal 

 matter, 17.1 ; mucus of the bladder, 0.3 ; sulphate of potash, 

 3.7 ; sulphate of soda, 3.2 ; phosphate of soda, 2.9 ; phos- 

 phate of ammonia, 1.6 ; common salt, 4.5 ; sal-ammoniac 

 1.5 ; phosphates of lime and magnesia, with a trace of silica 

 and of fluoride of calcium, 1.1. 



Urea is a solid product of urine, and according to Prout, 

 gives of carbon, 19.99; oxygen, 26.63; hydrogen, 6.65; 

 nitrogen, 46.65 in 100 parts. The analysis of Wrehler 

 and Liebig differs immaterially from this. Such are the 

 materials, abounding in every ingredient that can minister 

 ,to the production of plants, which are suffered to waste in 

 the air, and taint its purity and healthfulness ; or they are 

 buried deep in the earth beyond the reach of any useful 

 application ; and even in this position, (frequently in villa- 

 ges, and always in cities), they pollute the waters with 

 their disgusting and poisonous exudations. The water from 



