178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. IX. 



wings, black; wing, from 7.20 to 8; tail, about 5.25; belongs to the 

 subfamily Corvinae. Nucifraga columbiana. 



Clarke's Nutcracker. 

 See No. 222. 



Subfamily CORVINE. Crows and Ravens. 

 * GROUP 4. Wing, 9.50 to 15 inches long. 



Crow. 



Plumage, black; wing, over 11.50; tarsus, over 2.10; bill, over 

 i. 80. Corvus brachyrhynchos. 



American Crow. 



See No. 221. 



GROUP 5. Wing, over 15 inches long. 



General plumage, black; feathers on throat, narrow and pointed, 

 size alone will distinguish it from the Crow. 



Corvus cor ax principalis. 

 Northern Raven. 

 See No. 220. 



* For directions for measurement see page 21. 



