JAN., 1909. BIRDS OF ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN CORY. 179 



Family ICTERID^. Blackbirds, Orioles, 

 Meadowlarks, etc. 



Bill, usually acute ; first primary, not short, about the same length 

 as second ; base of bill slightly dividing the feathers of the forehead ; 

 nostrils exposed ; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



* GROUP 1. Wing, less than 3.75 inches long. 



SECTION 1. The following species have the under parts more or less 

 marked with either yellow, orange, or chestnut brown : 



Head and throat, black; under parts, orange yellow; back, black. 



Icterus galbula (male ) . 

 Baltimore Oriole. 



See No. 230. 



Head, more or less marked with black; back, blackish; under 

 parts, orange, paler than the male. Icterus galbula (female). 



Baltimore Oriole. 



See No. 230. 



Crown and back, dull olive, faintly tinged with yellow on rump; 

 under parts, pale yellow, usually with faint orange tinge; wing, over 

 3.45. Icterus galbula (immature ). 



Baltimore Oriole. 



See No. 230. 



Head and back, black; rest of under parts, chestnut brown. 



Icterus spurius (male). 

 Orchard Oriole. 

 See No. 229. 



Crown and back, greenish, without stripes; under parts, yellow 

 (not orange); wing, under 3.45. Icterus spurius (female). 



Orchard Oriole. 

 See No. 229. 



*For directions for measurement, see page 21. 



