JAN., 1909. BIRDS OF ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN CORY. 187 



Throat, yellow; belly, black; adult males have the entire head 

 yellow; females and immature birds have the crown often blackish. 

 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (female ) . 



Yellow-headed Blackbird. 

 See No. 225. 



Meadowlark. 



Throat and belly, yellow; breast, with more or less black. 



Sturnella magna, and races. 

 Meadowlark. 

 See Nos. 227, 227a, and 228. 



General plumage, dark slate or brownish slate color; under parts, 

 inclining to plumbeous. 



Euphagus carolinus (female ) (adult in summer} . 



Rusty Blackbird. 

 See No. 231. 



GROUP 4. Wing, 4.75 to 5.50 inches long. 



First primary, not short; base of bill, dividing the feathers of the 

 forehead; nostrils, exposed; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle 

 feathers. 



