512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. 'IX. 



I89a. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Booo.). . 

 NORTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER. 



Distr.: "Northern North America, south to about the northern 

 border of the United States." (A. O. U.) 



Special characters: Similar to D. villosus, but larger and showing 

 more hoary white in the plumage; wing, 5.02 to 5.45, not less than 5; 

 bill, 1.40 to i. 60, not less than 1.40. 



The Northern Hairy Woodpecker is said to occur occasionally 

 in northern Wisconsin in winter. Kumlien and Hollister state that 

 "up to 1875 it was a regular visitor in winter in the tamarack swamps 

 in north Jefferson County. During the past ten or fifteen years not a 

 specimen has been taken and Hairy Woodpeckers collected in winter 

 and late fall in northern Wisconsin have all proved to be typical 

 villosus." (Birds of Wisconsin, 1903, p. 74.) 



190. Dryobates pubescens medianus (SWAINS.). 

 DOWNY WOODPECKER. 



Distr. : Eastern and northern United States, from the Rocky 

 Mountains to the Atlantic, and from about the latitude of South 

 Carolina north to Newfoundland and southern Canada. 



Adult male: Resembles the Hairy Woodpecker, except that it is 

 much smaller, and has the white outer tail feathers marked with more 

 or less imperfect bars or spots of blackish. 



Adult female: Similar, but 

 without the scarlet nuchal patch. 

 Length, 5.90 to 7; wing, 3.45 

 to 4; tail, 2.70; bill, about .62. 

 The Downy Woodpecker is a 

 common resident in Illinois and 

 Wisconsin. Specimens taken in 

 extreme southern Illinois aver- 



Downy Woodpecker. 



age smaller than northern birds. 



The majority breed in May. The nest is in a hole in a tree, usually 

 a dead stump. The eggs are white, from 4 to 6 in number, and meas- 

 ure about .75 x .60 inches. 



