580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. IX. 



Genus CALCARIUS Bechs. 



245. Calcarius lapponicus (LiNN.). 



LAPLAND LONGS.PUR. 



Distr.: Northern portions of northern hemisphere, south in win- 

 ter to the Carolinas, Arkansas, and northeastern Texas; breeds in 

 the far north. 



Adult male in spring: Hind toe nail, long; head, throat, and 

 breast, black, a streak of buff from the eye backward; a chestnut col- 

 lar around back of neck; upper parts, 

 streaked with black and buff; under 

 parts, white, with more or less black 

 streaks on sides; primaries, dusky 

 brown, the feathers with pale edgings; 

 tail, blackish; outer tail feather, with 

 narrow dusky streak along the shaft 

 near the tip, the rest of the end, white, 

 extending up the feather in an oblique 

 and gradually narrowing patch and 



separating the black on the inner web from the shaft for a con- 

 siderable distance. 



Adult female in spring: Upper plumage, streaked with buff, black, 

 and pale rufous; a rather faint, buffy chestnut collar on back of neck; 

 head, buffy and black; under parts, white; breast, with more or less 

 black. 



Adult male in winter: Crown, black, more or less mixed with 

 buffy, a buffy streak from the eye backwards; throat and breast, 

 mixed black and white; chestnut collar on back of neck, mixed with 

 gray; rest of plumage resembling spring female. 



Adult female in winter: Similar to summer plumage, but plumage 

 duller and collar on the nape faintly indicated. 

 Length, 6.25; wing, 3.60; tail, 2.60; bill, .38. 

 Abundant during migrations in late fall and spring, and a common 

 winter resident both in Illinois and Wisconsin. It frequents the 

 fields and prairies, usually in flocks. The majority leave for the north 

 in April, although it is not uncommon in Wisconsin in May. 



