608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. IX. 



Genus CARDINALIS Bonap. 

 273. Cardinalis cardinalis (LiNN.). 

 CARDINAL. CARDINAL GROSBEAK. 



Distr.: Eastern United States, from the Plains to the Gulf of 

 Mexico and Atlantic coast, north to southern New York, southern 

 Wisconsin and southern Minnesota; breeding throughout its range. 

 Resident in Bermuda; accidental in Maine, New Brunswick and 

 Colorado. 



Cardinal (male). 



Adult male: General plumage, bright red; head with elongated 

 crown feathers forming a crest; throat and face, including area around 

 the base of the bill, black; feathers of the back, tinged with olive 

 gray; bill, red. 



Adult female and immature male: Crest, wings and tail, tinged 

 with dull red; throat and face, dusky; back, ashy olive brown; 

 under parts, pale buff, whitening on the belly; breast, more brownish 

 and often tinged with red; under surface of wing, bright rosy red. 



Length, 8.50; wing, 3.60; tail, 4.25; bill, .60. 



The Cardinal is a very common permanent resident in southern 

 Illinois, and a rather uncommon summer resident in northern Il- 

 linois and Wisconsin. 



Nelson considered it "a rare and irregular summer resident" in 

 northeastern Illinois in 1876. Mr. Frank M. Woodruff writes: "Some 

 years ago I found a nest of the Cardinal at River Forest, Illinois. 

 Mr. O. M. Schantz informs me that in the year 1904 there were two 



