80 BREEDING CROP PLANTS 



and those for hairy chaff on the 1:3:3:1 series. Kezer and 

 Boyack (1918) obtained complete linkage of black and hairy 

 chaff in a cross of black winter emmer with a smooth, white- 

 chaffed winter wheat (T. vulgar e). Freeman (1917) obtained 



FIG. 18. Upper group from left to right: Face and side views respectively 

 of lumillo durum (C.I., 1736), F\ lumillo X Marquis, and Marquis. The F\ 

 spikes are intermediate in density, have tipped awns and the outer glumes are 

 keeled although not so strongly as lumillo. Lower group, left to right, face and 

 side views respectively of Emmer, Minn., 1165, F\ Emmer X Marquis, and 

 Marquis. The F\ approaches the Emmer in some spike characters and has 

 tipped awns. 



some correlation between a high ratio of width to thickness of 

 spike and hardness of grain in crosses between T. durum and T. 

 vulgare. He considers, however, that numerous factors are 

 necessary for the development of these characters. 



